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Qinghai

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Qinghai is a very large province in northwestern China. It sits mostly on the high Tibetan Plateau. This province is the largest in China, if you do not count the special autonomous regions. It is a place of big landscapes and many different people. The capital city is Xining, which is also the largest city in the area.

Many different groups live here together. There are over 37 recognized ethnic groups in the province. The Han people are the largest group, especially in Xining and Haidong. Tibetans make up about one-fifth of the people living there. The Hui people make up about one-sixth of the population.

Dongguan Mosque in Xining (2025)
Dongguan Mosque in Xining (2025)

The land in Qinghai is very high and often quite cold. Most of the area sits at about 3,000 meters above sea level. The mountains here are very tall and impressive. The highest point is a peak called Bukadaban Feng. It reaches a height of 6,860 meters.

Qingzangxian,China National Highway 109,qinghai,china
Qingzangxian,China National Highway 109,qinghai,china

Because it is so high, the winters can be very harsh. The summers are mild, but the weather can change quickly. You might also find heavy winds or sandstorms in the spring. Much of the land is dry, which makes it semi-arid or arid.

Koppen-Geiger Map v2 CHN Qinghai 1991–2020
Koppen-Geiger Map v2 CHN Qinghai 1991–2020

Water is very important in this high region. Qinghai is home to the headwaters of three huge rivers. These are the Yellow River, the Yangtze, and the Mekong. The Yellow River starts in the southern part of the province.

Yellow River - panoramio
Yellow River - panoramio

There is also a massive lake called Qinghai Lake. It is a salt water lake. It is the largest lake in all of China. In the northwest, there is a place called the Qaidam basin. This area is very rich in resources, but one-third of it is desert.

Oil well in Tsaidam
Oil well in Tsaidam

The history of this land is very long and complex. During the Bronze Age, nomadic tribes lived here. They were part of a group called the Kayue culture. Later, the Tuyuhun Kingdom was established around the Qinghai Lake. Many different powers have controlled this area over time. The Manchu-led Qing Dynasty took control around the year 1724. Before that, the Khoshut Mongols ruled much of the land.

Qinghailakeerlangjian
Qinghailakeerlangjian

In more recent history, the province has changed many times. The province of Qinghai was officially established in 1928. Before that, Muslim warlords known as the Ma clique ruled the area. One famous leader was Ma Bufang, who ruled until 1949. He built many things like roads, schools, and hospitals. After the Chinese revolution, the new government took control in 1950. Today, the province is part of the People's Republic of China. It is divided into several cities and autonomous areas to help different groups live there.

Dongguan Mosque in Xining (2025)
Dongguan Mosque in Xining (2025)
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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Yellow River - panoramio.jpg
Yellow River - panoramio.jpg
File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 CHN Qinghai 1991–2020.svg
Koppen-Geiger Map v2 CHN Qinghai 1991–2020.svg
File:Dongguan Mosque in Xining (2025).jpg
Dongguan Mosque in Xining (2025).jpg
File:Oil well in Tsaidam.jpg
Oil well in Tsaidam.jpg
File:Qinghailakeerlangjian.png
Qinghailakeerlangjian.png
File:Qingzangxian,China National Highway 109,qinghai,china.JPG
Qingzangxian,China National Highway...
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