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Primate

life science Maturity 5-7 Vital Level 3 Next article →

Primates are a special group of mammals that include many familiar animals.

Ringstaartmakis - Ring-tailed Lemur
Ringstaartmakis - Ring-tailed Lemur

This group includes lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, which are called strepsirrhines. It also includes tarsiers and simians, like monkeys and apes, which are called haplorhines. These animals are important because they show how living things adapt to their homes.

Primate skull series with legend cropped
Primate skull series with legend cropped

Most primates have large brains for their body size. They also rely more on sight than smell. This helps them navigate their world with great detail.

Many primates adapted to live in the tops of tropical forests.

Diademed ready to push off
Diademed ready to push off

To survive in trees, they developed several useful traits. They have binocular vision, which means their eyes work together to see depth. Many also have opposable thumbs for better grasping and dexterity. Their shoulder girdles allow for a wide range of arm movement. Some primates move by leaping between trees or swinging from branches. This is called brachiation.

PrimateFeet
PrimateFeet

Others walk on four limbs or even on two legs.

Scientists have studied these animals for a very long time.

Simia satyrus - 1837 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - White Background
Simia satyrus - 1837 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - White Background

Carl Linnaeus established the order Primates in 1758. He named them because he thought they were the "highest" order of animals. Later, researchers like Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark helped explain how they evolved. He looked at how different members of the group form an ascending series. Today, scientists use genetics to understand how all these groups are related.

There is a huge variety in the size and number of primates.

The Madame Berthe's mouse lemur is tiny and very light. In contrast, the eastern gorilla can weigh over 150 kilograms. There are between 376 and 524 different species of living primates. We are still finding new ones today. For example, scientists described 36 new species during the 2010s.

Tamarin portrait 2 edit3
Tamarin portrait 2 edit3

This shows how much we still have to learn.

Primates are among the most social animals on Earth.

Three chimpanzees with apple
Three chimpanzees with apple

They live in many types of groups, such as families or harems. They communicate using sounds, smells, and hand gestures. Some primates are even smart enough to use tools.

However, many primates face hard jobs for survival today. About 60% of species are threatened with extinction. This often happens because of forest clearing for agriculture or hunting.

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🖼️ Images & Media (33)
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Cynocephalus volans Brehm1883 (white...
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Nycticebus (white background).jpg
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Säugethiere vom Celebes- und...
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Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der...
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File:Le gibbon (white background).jpg
Le gibbon (white background).jpg
File:Simia satyrus - 1837 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - White Background.jpg
Simia satyrus - 1837 - Print -...
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Gorila de llanura occidental. Gorilla...
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Silhouette of a woman walking.svg
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PanTroglodytesSmit (white background).jpg
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