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Pratas Island

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Pratas Island is a unique coral island located in the northern South China Sea.

Karta CN SouthChinaSea
Karta CN SouthChinaSea

It is administered by the Cijin District of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Many people also refer to the area as the Tungsha Islands or the Dongsha Islands. Although the name suggests a group, there is only one true island. The other features in the area are mostly considered rocks.

Pratas Atoll nautical chart 1946
Pratas Atoll nautical chart 1946

The island is quite significant as the largest island in the South China Sea. It sits approximately 340 kilometers southeast of Hong Kong.

Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 j-12a
Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 j-12a

The geography of the area is defined by a large, circular coral structure called an atoll. Pratas Island itself is crescent-shaped and occupies the western part of this atoll. Below the ocean surface, there are two major undersea features. These are known as the North Vereker Bank and the South Vereker Bank.

Operational Navigation Chart J-12, 7th edition
Operational Navigation Chart J-12, 7th edition

These banks rise up from the deep sea floor toward the surface. To the west of these banks, there are numerous oil wells. The atoll also contains a central lagoon that is protected by the surrounding reef.

History shows that many different nations have interacted with this remote location. In 1858, a Royal Navy survey ship completed the first detailed survey of the atoll. This led to the publication of a formal plan of the reef by the British Admiralty. In 1908, a Japanese businessman named Nishizawa Yoshizi established a guano collecting station there. He renamed the area Nishizawa Island and destroyed local shrines. After a diplomatic confrontation, Chinese sovereignty was re-established and the businessman withdrew.

Pratas Atoll nautical chart 1946
Pratas Atoll nautical chart 1946

World War II brought significant changes to the island's use. Japanese naval personnel occupied the island during the war. They used the site as a weather station and a listening post. On May 29, 1945, a landing party from the American submarine USS Bluegill arrived. The commander of the submarine claimed the island for the United States. He named it Bluegill Island and raised the American flag. However, the U.S. government never formally pursued this claim.

USS Frank Knox aground on Pratas Reef 1965
USS Frank Knox aground on Pratas Reef 1965

Following the war, the Republic of China navy took control in 1946. They established a garrison to maintain a presence on the island. The island has seen many maritime accidents over the decades. In 1960, the cargo ship Hong Kong was wrecked during Typhoon Mary.

USS Frank Knox aground on Pratas Reef 1965
USS Frank Knox aground on Pratas Reef 1965

In 1965, the USS Frank Knox ran aground on the reef. It took a very difficult salvage effort to free the ship. These events highlight the dangerous nature of navigating near coral reefs.

Today, the area is managed with a focus on both military and environmental needs. Taiwan established the Dongsha Atoll National Park in 2007. This was the first marine national park in Taiwan.

ROC-MOI monument of South China Sea 20100919
ROC-MOI monument of South China Sea 20100919

The island also functions as a practical hub for the region. It hosts the Dongsha Airport and a fishing boat aid station. A small post office has also been operating there since 2013.

These facilities support the military garrison and the local maritime activities.

Despite its quiet appearance, the island is a site of modern geopolitical tension. The People's Republic of China claims the island and the banks as part of Guangdong Province. This has led to frequent activity in the nearby airspace. In 2020, the Republic of China reported that 276 Chinese military planes entered the airspace near Pratas.

Karta CN SouthChinaSea
Karta CN SouthChinaSea

These incidents often involve warnings from military aircraft. The island remains a vital and highly watched point in the South China Sea system.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
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Blue pog.svg
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Green pog.svg
File:Pratas Atoll nautical chart 1946 extracted.jpg
Pratas Atoll nautical chart 1946 extracted.jpg
File:ROC-MOI monument of South China Sea 20100919.jpg
ROC-MOI monument of South China Sea 20100919.jpg
File:USS Frank Knox aground on Pratas Reef 1965.jpg
USS Frank Knox aground on Pratas Reef 1965.jpg
File:Karta CN SouthChinaSea.PNG
Karta CN SouthChinaSea.PNG
File:Operational Navigation Chart J-12, 7th edition.jpg
Operational Navigation Chart J-12, 7th edition.jpg
File:Pratas Atoll nautical chart 1946.jpg
Pratas Atoll nautical chart 1946.jpg
File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nf-50-7th-ed.jpg
Txu-oclc-6654394-nf-50-7th-ed.jpg
File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 j-12a.jpg
Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 j-12a.jpg
File:東沙環礁國家公園 06.jpg
東沙環礁國家公園 06.jpg
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