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Pietà (Michelangelo)

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The Pietà is a masterpiece of Carrara marble sculpture.

Scan the World - Pietà (Michelangelo)
Scan the World - Pietà (Michelangelo)

It depicts the Virgin Mary holding the body of Jesus. This scene represents the "Sixth Sorrow" of Mary at Mount Golgotha. Created by Michelangelo Buonarroti between 1498 and 1499, it is a central work of the Italian Renaissance. Many historians view it as the beginning of the High Renaissance style. The sculpture is located in Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. It captures the emotional moment after Jesus was taken down from the cross.

Michelangelo used a specific geometric structure to compose the figures. The sculpture follows a pyramidal shape. The vertex, or top point, of this pyramid is Mary's head. The form widens as it moves down the heavy drapery of Mary's dress. The base of the sculpture represents the rocks of Golgotha. Because it is difficult to fit a full-grown man in a woman's lap, the figures are somewhat out of proportion. Much of Mary's body is hidden by her monumental drapery. This helps the relationship between the two figures appear natural.

There are several unique artistic choices within the work. Michelangelo sculpted Mary to look very young and beautiful. This is unusual because she should be at least 45 years old to match her 33-year-old son. Some believe her youth symbolizes her incorruptible purity. Others suggest he was inspired by Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. In the poem, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux refers to her as a "virgin mother." The marks of the Crucifixion are kept very subtle. They include only small nail marks and a wound in Jesus' side.

The history of the Pietà involves many important people and changes. It was commissioned by Jean Bilhères de Lagraulas, a French cardinal. He intended it as an altarpiece for his funeral chapel in Old Saint Peter's. When that chapel was demolished, the statue was preserved. It moved to its current location in the 18th century. The statue is famous for being the only piece Michelangelo ever signed. He carved his name on a sash across Mary's chest. He did this after hearing someone attribute the work to Cristoforo Solari.

Pietà - Hallwylska museet - 107520
Pietà - Hallwylska museet - 107520

The sculpture has received high honors throughout history. On 14 August 1637, Pope Urban VIII issued a papal bull. This decree granted the image a canonical coronation. An artisan named Fantino Taglietti made a levitating diadem for the statue. He charged 564 Italian scudo coins for his work. The official coronation rite took place on 31 August 1637. Later, in 1713, cherubic angels were added to the display. These angels were eventually moved to the Chapel of the Holy Choir in 1749.

Pietà vaticana dopo il vandalismo, 1972
Pietà vaticana dopo il vandalismo, 1972

The Pietà has also faced significant challenges and damage. In 1972, a man named Laszlo Toth attacked the statue with a hammer. He struck the sculpture 15 times on Pentecost Sunday. The attack removed Mary's arm at the elbow and chipped her nose and eyelid. Restorers had to carefully reconstruct her nose from a block of marble. To prevent future harm, the statue is now protected by a bulletproof acrylic glass screen. This screen was modernized in November 2024 for the 2025 Jubilee.

Vatikan, Petersdom, der Altar der unbefleckten Empfängnis
Vatikan, Petersdom, der Altar der unbefleckten Empfängnis

The statue's journey includes a famous trip to America. In 1964, the Vatican lent the Pietà to the New York World's Fair. It traveled on the liner Cristoforo Colombo inside a heavy wooden crate. The crate was designed with enough cushioning to float in water. It even included an emergency locator beacon and a marker buoy. After the fair, it returned to Saint Peter's Basilica in 1965. Because of the risks involved in transport, Pope Paul VI ordered that it never travel again.

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Vatikan, Petersdom, der Altar der...
File:Pietà vaticana dopo il vandalismo, 1972.jpg
Pietà vaticana dopo il vandalismo, 1972.jpg
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