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Pickaxe

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A pickaxe is a versatile hand tool designed primarily for digging.

Aa flyingwedge plain
Aa flyingwedge plain

It features a distinctive T-shape for effective use. This shape means the heavy head sits at a right angle to the handle. The tool is essential for breaking through hard ground or rock. Because of its strength, it is used in mining and general construction. It also plays a role in gardening and agriculture. Many different versions of this tool exist today.

The mechanism of a pickaxe depends on its specific head design. A common version is similar to a pick mattock. This design has a pointed end on one side of the metal head. The opposite side features a broad, flat blade called an adze. The head also typically has a gradual curve along its length. Users utilize the pointed end for breaking or prying materials. The adze side is used for hoeing, skimming, or chopping through roots.

Keilhaue Bergmann Hammer VEB - BKW - GLÜCKAUF -Träger des Vaterländischen VO in Gold - Betrieb im VE BKK Senftenberg - Lupus in Saxonia Bild 00017
Keilhaue Bergmann Hammer VEB - BKW - GLÜCKAUF -Träger des Vaterländischen VO in Gold - Betrieb im VE BKK Senftenberg - Lupus in Saxonia Bild 00017

There are several distinct configurations of the pickaxe head. One popular type features two spikes instead of a blade. In this version, one spike is slightly longer than the other. Other specialized designs include modern variants with extra features. Some heads now include a plastic casing on the thick end. Other versions use a steel casing for added durability. Advanced models may even be constructed from carbon fibre.

History shows that humans have adapted this tool for millennia. In prehistoric times, people used animal parts for similar tasks. They would cut down a large shed deer antler. They used the shaft and the lowest tine as a one-pointed pick. They sometimes paired this with a large animal shoulder blade to act as a shovel. Over time, these agricultural tools evolved into the plough and the mattock. The pickaxe has also been adapted for use in warfare.

The history of the pickaxe includes its use as a weapon. In ancient times, it was adapted for hand-to-hand combat. Various aspects of the tool were later incorporated into battle axes. Even the handle, sometimes called a pickhandle or pick helve, has a history in conflict. In the novel *The Grapes of Wrath* by John Steinbeck, pick handles were used against migrant farmers. During the American civil rights movement of the 1960s, Georgia governor Lester Maddox used a slender axe handle to bar entry to a restaurant.

Specific measurements and materials define many professional pickaxes. A standard handle is often made of ash or hickory wood. These traditional handles are approximately 36 inches long. They typically weigh about 2 pounds. In the British Army, pickaxe handles are used officially as batons. Pioneer Sergeants in the British Army commonly carry pickaxes. Interestingly, British Army handles must be exactly 36 inches long by regulation. This allows them to be used for measuring in the field.

Modern technology continues to change how these tools are built. While wood was the traditional choice, fiberglass is now used for handles. This change offers different strengths for various jobs. The term "pickaxe" itself is a result of folk etymology. It is a variation of the Middle English and Old French terms. Today, the names "pick," "pickax," and "pick-axe" all cover various versions of the tool. This shows how language and technology evolve together.

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