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Pepin of Herstal

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Pepin of Herstal was a powerful Frankish statesman and military leader. He lived during the late 7th and early 8th centuries. Pepin served as the Mayor of the Palace from 680 until his death in 714. This position allowed him to be the de facto ruler of Francia. He also took the titles of Duke and Prince of the Franks. He worked to make his family, the Pippinids, the most powerful in the region.

St Hubert of Liège offers his services to Pepin of Heristal
St Hubert of Liège offers his services to Pepin of Heristal

Pepin began his rise to power in Austrasia. Austrasia was one of the Frankish realms. He fought against Ebroin, the mayor of Neustria. Neustria was a different realm with a stronger central government. Ebroin defeated the Austrasians at the Battle of Lucofao. However, Ebroin was assassinated in 681. Pepin then made peace with Ebroin's successor, Waratton. Later, Waratton's successors, Berchar and King Theuderic III, went to war with Austrasia. Pepin won a decisive victory at the Battle of Tertry in 687. This battle took place in the Vermandois region.

Following the Battle of Tertry, Pepin's influence grew across all Frankish lands. He forced a peace treaty that required Berchar to leave his office. Pepin became the mayor of three kingdoms: Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy. He began using the title Duke and Prince of the Franks. To secure his position in Neustria, his son Drogo married Anstrude, the wife of Berchar. Pepin also placed his sons in high positions. He gave the Burgundian mayorship to Drogo in 695. He gave the Neustrian mayorship to his other son, Grimoald.

Auguste Chauvin - Le banquet de Jupille après restauration en 1996
Auguste Chauvin - Le banquet de Jupille après restauration en 1996

Pepin used his military strength to expand Frankish influence into Germany. He subdued several groups, including the Alemanni, the Frisians, and the Franconians. Between 690 and 692, the Franks captured Utrecht. This was a very important victory for trade. It gave the Franks control over trade routes along the Rhine to the North Sea. Pepin also supported the missionary Willibrord. This helped start the process of evangelisation in Germany. His actions helped bring these new territories into the Frankish sphere of influence.

Pepin's family history was very important to European politics. He was the grandson of Pepin I the Elder. His marriage to Plectrude united the Pippinid and Arnulfing houses. This union eventually created the Carolingian dynasty. Pepin had several children from different relationships. He had two sons, Drogo and Grimoald, with his wife Plectrude. He also had a son named Childebrand. From a woman named Alpaida, he had a son named Charles Martel. Charles Martel would later become a very famous leader.

Before Pepin died, a dispute arose over who would lead the family. Plectrude convinced Pepin to name his grandson, Theudoald, as his heir. Theudoald was the son of Grimoald and a young child. This meant Pepin's son Charles Martel was left out of the succession. Pepin died suddenly on December 16, 714, at Jupille. He was 79 years old at the time of his death. His death caused a major conflict within the Frankish leadership.

St Hubert of Liège offers his services to Pepin of Heristal
St Hubert of Liège offers his services to Pepin of Heristal

A civil war broke out after Pepin's death. This conflict lasted for more than three years. Plectrude tried to keep power for her grandson, but Charles Martel was very popular. Charles had gained favor among the Austrasians because of his military skill. He was able to provide his followers with plenty of booty from his conquests. Despite Plectrude's attempts to imprison him, Charles Martel emerged victorious. He became the sole mayor of the palace and the ruler of Francia. This line of leaders eventually led to the reign of Charlemagne.

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