Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
💻

Parking lot

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A parking lot, also known as a car park, is a cleared area designed for vehicles.

Angle parking lot diagram
Angle parking lot diagram

These areas usually feature a durable or semi-durable surface. They are major features in cities and suburban areas where cars are the main way to travel. You will often find massive lots at shopping malls or sports stadiums.

Bay 2 mall parking, on a Sunday morning, Collégien, France - July 2019
Bay 2 mall parking, on a Sunday morning, Collégien, France - July 2019

While they provide convenience, these large paved areas can impact the environment. They often act as sources of water pollution because their surfaces are impervious. This means water cannot soak into the ground, leading to runoff. To help, many areas now require landscaping to provide shade and reduce heat islands.

Parking under Solar Canopy (52937580768)
Parking under Solar Canopy (52937580768)

Modern parking lots use complex systems to manage how people enter and exit.

Car Park in Dazaifu, Fukuoka
Car Park in Dazaifu, Fukuoka

One common mechanism involves a boom gate, which is a long barrier arm. At the entry, a driver presses a button on a ticket machine. This action provides a ticket and raises the barrier to allow entry. To exit, the driver must present the ticket and pay a fee. If the payment is not made, the boom gate will not lift. This forces the driver to use an intercom or return to a pay station. Some large airports use credit cards at the entry terminal to automate this process further.

There are several ways to handle payments and manage space.

Parking, 5c.,1949
Parking, 5c.,1949

Some lots use automatic pay stations where drivers pay before returning to their cars. In certain regions, such as Hong Kong, drivers pay at a dedicated cashier's office called a shroff. Other systems use parking meters for individual bays. In some cases, a one-way spike strip is used to ensure drivers pay an attendant before exiting. Mobile technology has also changed the process. An Israeli company named Pango, founded in 2007, created an app for finding and paying for parking. Another app, Streetline, helps drivers locate open spots and uses a phone camera to help them find their car later.

Urban planning involves specific rules called parking minimums and maximums. A parking minimum is a policy that requires a building to have a certain number of spaces. For example, a store might need spaces based on its floor area. Developers and advocates sometimes criticize these rules. They argue that large lots can disrupt the walkable urban fabric. Some people even call these large paved areas "parking craters" or "parking deserts." To encourage walking or public transit, some cities use parking maximums instead. Austin, Texas, became the largest U.S. city to abolish parking minimums as of November 2, 2023. This was done to encourage biking, transit, and more housing.

Legal rules for parking vary depending on the location.

Handicapped Accessible sign
Handicapped Accessible sign

In the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines mandate reserved spaces. Each state's Department of Transportation sets the required ratio for these disabled parking spaces. In Sweden and Denmark, there is a distinction between street parking and private land. A violation on a street is a traffic crime that leads to a fine. A violation on private land is treated as a contract violation involving a check fee. In the United Kingdom, the police investigate accidents on public land, but they have no legal obligation to investigate accidents on private land.

Technology also helps drivers find their vehicles in large or indoor lots.

Car park sensor
Car park sensor

Many indoor lots use sensors above each stall to detect if a car is present. The Santa Monica Place mall in California uses cameras to monitor occupancy and help find lost cars. Drivers can also use GPS or Wi-Fi signatures to remember where they parked. Some advanced smartphone apps use a method called inertial dead reckoning. This process uses sensors to detect turns and movement to infer a car's location. These technologies, along with adaptive lighting and indoor positioning systems, create a more efficient experience.

Understanding parking lots requires looking at both economics and infrastructure.

Multi-level stack parking NYC 07 2010 9583
Multi-level stack parking NYC 07 2010 9583

A 2015 study in the United States showed significant cost differences between types of lots. Constructing a surface lot costs about $1,500 per space. In contrast, an underground lot costs about $25,000 per space. Professor Donald Shoup estimated in 2023 that the U.S. has between 700 million and 2 billion parking spaces. This averages out to between 2.5 and 7.0 spaces for every single car. These numbers show how much land and money is dedicated to vehicle storage in modern society.

728 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Angle parking lot diagram.PNG
Angle parking lot diagram.PNG
File:Multi-level stack parking NYC 07 2010 9583.JPG
Multi-level stack parking NYC 07 2010 9583.JPG
File:Subterranean parking lot.jpg
Subterranean parking lot.jpg
File:Car_Park_in_Dazaifu,_Fukuoka.jpg
Car_Park_in_Dazaifu,_Fukuoka.jpg
File:Bay 2 mall parking, on a Sunday morning, Collégien, France - July 2019.jpg
Bay 2 mall parking, on a Sunday morning,...
File:Tempat parkir.jpg
Tempat parkir.jpg
File:Handicapped Accessible sign.svg
Handicapped Accessible sign.svg
File:Rural parking lot at Kovik, Gotland.jpg
Rural parking lot at Kovik, Gotland.jpg
File:Parking, 5c.,1949.jpg
Parking, 5c.,1949.jpg
File:-74wiki.jpg
-74wiki.jpg
File:Car park sensor.jpg
Car park sensor.jpg
File:Parking under Solar Canopy (52937580768).jpg
Parking under Solar Canopy (52937580768).jpg

+ 1 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.