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Parallel bars

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Parallel bars are a specialized floor apparatus used in artistic gymnastics.

AlejandroonParallelBars
AlejandroonParallelBars

They consist of two long, parallel bars held above the floor. These bars are used for high-level athletic routines. They are also used in physical therapy and for home exercise. The apparatus is designed to be both elastic and stable. This allows gymnasts to perform complex movements with safety and precision.

The construction of the apparatus relies on a metal supporting framework. This framework holds the two bars parallel to each other. The bars themselves are typically made of wood or a similar material. Modern rails are often made of ash wood. These ash rails are reinforced on the inside with fiberglass.

Gymnasta
Gymnasta

The vertical members of the metal frame are adjustable. This adjustability allows users to set the height above the floor. It also allows them to change the distance between the two bars. This ensures the setup is optimal for each individual gymnast.

A gymnastics routine on the parallel bars involves several distinct types of movement. Gymnasts perform swings both backward and forward. They also execute static holds where they remain still. Some movements include turns performed while in a handstand position.

Gymnasta
Gymnasta

Gymnasts may also perform somersaults in the space between the bars. Every routine must conclude with a dismount. This dismount occurs from either the end or the side of the apparatus.

At the international level, routines follow strict rules and requirements. A gymnast must mount the bars by jumping with both feet. They may use a springboard to assist this jump. The routine must include elements from four specific groups. Group I includes elements in support or through support on both bars. Group II involves elements starting in the upper arm position. Group III requires long swings in a hang or underswings. Group IV consists of the final dismounts.

Judges use specific rules to score these performances. They take deductions for a lack of form or precision. For example, there are deductions for adjusting hand positions during a handstand. There are also deductions if a gymnast does not control their swing elements. Many swing-type elements are required to momentarily show a handstand position. These rules ensure that gymnasts maintain high levels of control throughout their routine.

The history of the parallel bars involves several important figures and changes. Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths wrote about bars and beams in his 1793 book. However, his first edition did not include drawings of the parallel bars. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn is considered the inventor of the apparatus. He created the first known set in Berlin in 1811. These bars were based on a vaulting horse with extended handles. They were originally intended to strengthen arms for vaulting exercises.

Over time, the design of the bars underwent significant technical evolution. Early versions were bolted into the ground and could not be adjusted. In 1819, Phokion Heinrich Clias created the first transportable bars. Later, Hermann Otto Kluge developed adjustable bars using tubes in 1856. Wooden bars often faced durability issues in the past. At the 1952 Summer Olympics, the bars cracked four times. To solve this, Richard Reuther proposed a design with more elasticity in 1953. In 1963, Reuther incorporated fiberglass into the bars. This change greatly improved both the flexibility and the durability of the equipment.

Today, the dimensions of the bars are standardized for competition. The bars are approximately 3.5 meters long. The height and the distance between the bars are adjustable to fit the athlete. This evolution from fixed, wooden structures to fiberglass-reinforced ash rails shows the progress of gymnastics technology.

AlejandroonParallelBars
AlejandroonParallelBars

The apparatus remains a central tool for testing human strength and coordination.

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