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Numerical digit

math Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A digit is a single symbol used to represent a number. You might think of them as the building blocks of all math. The word itself comes from a Latin word meaning fingers. This makes sense because humans have used their fingers to count for a long time. A digit can stand alone, like the number 1. It can also join other digits to form a larger numeral, like 15.

Hindu–Arabic numerals
Hindu–Arabic numerals

In our common decimal system, we use a base of ten. This means we need exactly ten different digits, which are 0 through 9. Each position in a number has a special place value. For example, in the number 312, the 2 is in the units place. The 1 is in the tens place. The 3 is in the hundreds place.

Hindu–Arabic numerals
Hindu–Arabic numerals

History shows us that many different people created their own systems. The Hindu–Arabic system was established in India by the 7th century. It was the first true positional system we know of. In the year 876, the digit zero was widely used for the first time. By the 13th century, these numerals reached Europe through mathematicians like Fibonacci. Eventually, they became the most common way to write numbers in the world.

Hindu–Arabic numerals
Hindu–Arabic numerals

Other cultures used very different sets of digits. The Maya people used a base 20 system with twenty digits. They even used a shell symbol to show a zero. In China and Japan, mathematicians used small counting rods. These rods could show zero and even negative numbers.

Counting rod v1
Counting rod v1
Counting rod v9
Counting rod v9

Today, digits are very important for computers. Computers often use a binary system, which is base 2. This system only uses two digits: 0 and 1. In computer science, these are sometimes called bits. Another system used is hexadecimal, which is base 16. It uses digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F.

Counting rod v1
Counting rod v1
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🖼️ Images & Media (22)
File:Hindu–Arabic numerals.svg
Hindu–Arabic numerals.svg
File:Maya.svg
Maya.svg
File:Counting rod 0.png
Counting rod 0.png
File:Counting rod v1.png
Counting rod v1.png
File:Counting rod v2.png
Counting rod v2.png
File:Counting rod v3.png
Counting rod v3.png
File:Counting rod v4.png
Counting rod v4.png
File:Counting rod v5.png
Counting rod v5.png
File:Counting rod v6.png
Counting rod v6.png
File:Counting rod v7.png
Counting rod v7.png
File:Counting rod v8.png
Counting rod v8.png
File:Counting rod v9.png
Counting rod v9.png

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