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Northamptonshire

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Northamptonshire is a ceremonial county located in the East Midlands of England.

Northamptonshire UK locator map 2010
Northamptonshire UK locator map 2010

It is a landlocked region, meaning it has no coastline. The county is surrounded by several other English counties. To the north, it borders Leicestershire, Rutland, and Lincolnshire. Cambridgeshire lies to the east. To the south, it meets Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire. Oxfordshire sits to the southwest, while Warwickshire borders the west.

Northamptonshire numbered districts 2021
Northamptonshire numbered districts 2021

For local government, the area is divided into two unitary authority areas: North Northamptonshire and West Northamptonshire.

The physical landscape is defined by low, undulating hills. These hills are most prominent in the western part of the county. This area is often called the Northamptonshire Uplands. The highest point in the county is Arbury Hill, located southwest of Daventry.

Kilworth Wharf - geograph.org.uk - 164606
Kilworth Wharf - geograph.org.uk - 164606

These hills act as a watershed. This means they divide the flow of water between two different systems: the River Severn and The Wash. Several important rivers begin in the northwest. The River Nene is the principal river of the county. It starts in the southwest and flows northeast past Northampton and Wellingborough. Other rivers include the Warwickshire Avon, the Welland, the Cherwell, and the Great Ouse.

Human history in the region spans thousands of years. During the Iron Age, people built several hill-forts. Notable sites include Arbury Banks, Rainsborough camp, and Hunsbury Hill. In the 1st century BC, the area was part of the territory of the Catuvellauni. This was a Belgic tribe that held the northernmost parts of their land here. The Romans conquered the area in 43 AD. They built Watling Street, an important Roman road, through the county. A significant Roman settlement called Lactodurum stood at modern-day Towcester. Other Roman settlements appeared at Northampton, Kettering, and along the Nene Valley.

After the Roman period, the Angles and Saxons settled the land. This led to the county becoming part of the kingdom of Mercia. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the area faced many invasions. The Danes conquered the area around 889, making it part of the Danelaw. The English later recaptured it under Edward the Elder in 917. In 940, Vikings from York invaded and devastated the region. The county was retaken by the English again in 942. The name Northamptonshire itself comes from the Anglo-Saxon name Hamtunscire. The "North" was added to distinguish it from Southampton.

The Middle Ages and Early Modern Period were marked by significant conflict. Northampton was the site of several major battles. In 1264, the Battle of Northampton occurred during the Second Barons' War. In 1460, another Battle of Northampton took place during the Wars of the Roses. This battle resulted in the capture of King Henry VI. Later, during the First English Civil War, the Battle of Naseby destroyed the main Royalist army in 1645.

Speed Northampton
Speed Northampton

The county also holds a connection to global history. The family of George Washington, the first U.S. President, migrated from Northamptonshire. His ancestor, John Washington, emigrated to Virginia in 1656.

Industrialization changed the economy of the county significantly. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Northamptonshire became a major center for footwear. This was driven by the local leather industry. In the north, a large ironstone quarrying industry developed starting in 1850. In the 1930s, the town of Corby became a major center for the steel industry.

Grand Union Canal at Braunston
Grand Union Canal at Braunston

Today, the county maintains various small industrial centers. These modern sites specialize in engineering and food processing. The area also hosts modern infrastructure like the Sywell Aerodrome.

Sywell Aerodrome
Sywell Aerodrome

Northamptonshire is often described by the phrase "spires and squires." This refers to the many ancient churches and stately homes found throughout the landscape.

A43 Brackley
A43 Brackley

The county's towns vary in character. Northampton is the largest settlement and sits in the center. Other principal towns include Corby, Kettering, and Wellingborough.

Next stop Wellingborough - geograph.org.uk - 1400370
Next stop Wellingborough - geograph.org.uk - 1400370

While the east and southwest remain largely rural, the government continues to encourage development in the South Midlands. This makes the county a vital link in the English geography.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Northamptonshire UK locator map 2010.svg
Northamptonshire UK locator map 2010.svg
File:Northamptonshire numbered districts 2021.svg
Northamptonshire numbered districts 2021.svg
File:Speed Northampton.jpg
Speed Northampton.jpg
File:Kilworth Wharf - geograph.org.uk - 164606.jpg
Kilworth Wharf - geograph.org.uk - 164606.jpg
File:Kimi Raikkonen 2006 test.jpg
Kimi Raikkonen 2006 test.jpg
File:A43 Brackley.jpg
A43 Brackley.jpg
File:Grand Union Canal at Braunston.jpg
Grand Union Canal at Braunston.jpg
File:Next stop Wellingborough - geograph.org.uk - 1400370.jpg
Next stop Wellingborough -...
File:Sywell Aerodrome.jpg
Sywell Aerodrome.jpg
File:Broadcasting House, Northampton.jpg
Broadcasting House, Northampton.jpg
File:2023-24 English Premiership Northampton Saints vs Bristol Bears 20231021 150303.jpg
2023-24 English Premiership Northampton...
File:AP Icon.svg
AP Icon.svg
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