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Nijmegen

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Nijmegen is a major urban center in the Netherlands. It is the largest city within the province of Gelderland. It also ranks as the ninth largest city in the entire country.

Nijmegen - Stadhuis en Grote Markt 1900
Nijmegen - Stadhuis en Grote Markt 1900

The city sits along the banks of the Waal River. This location is very close to the border with Germany. As of 2024, the population of the city reached 187,011 people. The municipality includes the main city and several former villages. These include Hatert, Hees, and Neerbosch. Other urban expansion areas like Veur-Lent and Nijmegen-Oosterhout sit north of the river.

View on the waal janvangoyen
View on the waal janvangoyen

The city is famous for its deep and ancient history. It is one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands. It was the first settlement there to receive Roman city rights.

Romeins Masker Ruitermasker Gezichtshelm Romeinse Andreas Hetfeld 2020 Nijmegen
Romeins Masker Ruitermasker Gezichtshelm Romeinse Andreas Hetfeld 2020 Nijmegen

This recognition happened in the year 98. In 2005, the city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary. The name Nijmegen comes from the Roman name Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum. Emperor Trajan gave the town this name in 104. The short version, Noviomagus, eventually became the modern name. Archaeologists recently found a 2,000-year-old blue glass bowl in the city. This bowl was likely made in a local glass workshop. Experts believe it was shaped by cooling molten glass over a mold.

Roman history began with a military camp in the first century BCE. The camp was built on hills with a strategic view. These hills look over the Waal and Rhine river valleys. In 69, the Batavi people revolted against the Romans. This revolt destroyed a nearby village called Oppidum Batavorum. The Romans then built a larger camp for the Legio X Gemina. This military unit stayed until 103. When they moved to Vindobona, the local economy suffered. The village lost about 5,000 inhabitants during this time.

Romeins Masker Ruitermasker Gezichtshelm Romeinse Andreas Hetfeld 2020 Nijmegen
Romeins Masker Ruitermasker Gezichtshelm Romeinse Andreas Hetfeld 2020 Nijmegen

During the Middle Ages, Nijmegen grew through trade and politics. The Waal River helped trade flourish in the region. In 1230, Frederick II granted the city its official city rights. By 1402, the city became part of the Hanseatic League. This was a powerful group of trading cities. The arts also became very important during this era. Famous medieval painters like the Limbourg brothers were educated here. Even ancestors of the painter Hieronymus Bosch lived in the city. In the 8th century, Emperor Charlemagne visited the city. He maintained a palatium there in 777.

The city faced many challenges during the early modern period. During the Dutch Revolt, trade stopped for a time. Nijmegen became part of the Republic of United Provinces in 1591. However, it remained a border town and faced many sieges. In 1678, the city hosted important peace negotiations. These talks resulted in the Treaty of Nijmegen. This treaty did not bring a lasting peace to Europe. In 1702, the French attempted a surprise attack. The citizens and an Anglo-Dutch army repulsed the assault. Later, in 1874, the city dismantled its old fortifications. These walls had become a problem for the growing population.

World War II brought significant destruction to the city. Germany invaded the Netherlands in 1940. Nijmegen was the first Dutch city to fall to German forces. On February 22, 1944, American planes heavily bombed the city center. This accident killed over 750 people. The NIOD confirmed this was caused by poor communication. Later in 1944, the city saw heavy fighting during Operation Market Garden. Allied troops fought to capture the vital road bridge.

View on the waal janvangoyen
View on the waal janvangoyen

German troops defended the bridge with anti-tank guns. A local hero, Jan van Hoof, reportedly cut the bridge wires. This may have stopped the Germans from blowing it up. The city was finally liberated by British and American troops.

Aankomst deelnemers van de Vierdaagse Nijmegen 2019 op de Sint Anna straat St Annastraat Via Gladiola
Aankomst deelnemers van de Vierdaagse Nijmegen 2019 op de Sint Anna straat St Annastraat Via Gladiola

Today, Nijmegen is a vibrant university and cultural hub. It is home to Radboud University Nijmegen, founded in 1923.

Erasmusgebouw Erasmusplein 1 Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen gezien vanaf Heyendaalseweg
Erasmusgebouw Erasmusplein 1 Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen gezien vanaf Heyendaalseweg

The city is also known for the International Four Days Marches. The climate is oceanic, making it one of the warmest cities in the Netherlands. The area near Groesbeek even has northernmost wineries in the world. Visitors can see history at the Valkhof Museum.

Waaggebouw Boterwaag Nijmegen Renaissance Grote Markt Waag
Waaggebouw Boterwaag Nijmegen Renaissance Grote Markt Waag

You can also see the 750-year-old Stevenskerk church. The city remains a unique mix of ancient roots and modern life.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:Grote Markt, Grootemarkt, Kruismarkt. Nijmegen, Terassen. Zicht richting Burchtstraat.jpg
Grote Markt, Grootemarkt, Kruismarkt....
File:Waaggebouw Boterwaag Nijmegen Renaissance Grote Markt Waag.jpg
Waaggebouw Boterwaag Nijmegen Renaissance...
File:Concertgebouw de Vereeniging Nijmegen Art Deco Jugendstil 1915 Concert hall Opera.jpg
Concertgebouw de Vereeniging Nijmegen Art...
File:Romeins Masker Ruitermasker Gezichtshelm Romeinse Andreas Hetfeld 2020 Nijmegen.jpg
Romeins Masker Ruitermasker Gezichtshelm...
File:Nijmegen Stadscentrum Kronenburger park zomer.jpg
Nijmegen Stadscentrum Kronenburger park zomer.jpg
File:Molenstraat met nummer 95 Pand uit 1902 met stijlkenmerken van de neorenaissance, de Art Nouveau en het Berlagianisme. Architect P.G. Buskens Nijmegen.jpg
Molenstraat met nummer 95 Pand uit 1902...
File:View on the waal janvangoyen.jpg
View on the waal janvangoyen.jpg
File:Nijmegen - Stadhuis en Grote Markt 1900.jpg
Nijmegen - Stadhuis en Grote Markt 1900.jpg
File:Aankomst deelnemers van de Vierdaagse Nijmegen 2019 op de Sint Anna straat St Annastraat Via Gladiola.jpg
Aankomst deelnemers van de Vierdaagse...
File:Saint Petrus Canisius.jpg
Saint Petrus Canisius.jpg
File:Margarita de Bourbon de Parme (2016).jpg
Margarita de Bourbon de Parme (2016).jpg
File:AlfredNourney2.jpg
AlfredNourney2.jpg

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