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Neon lighting

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Neon lighting is a type of cold cathode gas-discharge light. It produces bright, colorful glows using electrified glass tubes or bulbs. These lights are famous for creating dramatic signage used in advertising. They can also appear as tiny indicator lights in electronic devices. Today, artists and architects use neon to create large-scale installations.

The mechanism of a neon light relies on physics inside a sealed glass tube. Each tube contains a metal electrode at both ends. The tube is filled with a specific gas at low pressure. This low pressure is often between 3 and 20 Torr. When a high potential of several thousand volts is applied to the electrodes, it ionizes the gas. This ionization process causes the gas to emit visible light.

NeTube
NeTube

The color of the light depends entirely on the gas used inside the tube. Neon is a noble gas that produces a popular orange-red light. Other gases create different colors, such as hydrogen for purple-red or helium for yellow or pink. Carbon dioxide produces white light, while mercury creates blue light.

Tecnolux neon display (32681)
Tecnolux neon display (32681)

Engineers can also use chemicals called phosphors to expand the color range. For example, mixing mercury with neon can create blue light. Adding argon and helium can produce white or gold colors.

History shows that the discovery of neon led to a massive lighting industry. British scientists William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers discovered neon in 1898. They used an electrical gas-discharge tube to study its properties. Later, French engineer Georges Claude presented neon lighting in its modern form. He demonstrated bright red neon tubes at the Paris Motor Show in December 1910. Claude was often called "the Edison of France."

NeTube
NeTube

Neon signage became a major cultural phenomenon in the United States. By 1940, nearly every city downtown was bright with neon signs. Times Square in New York City became world-famous for its neon extravagances.

Broadway and Times Square by night
Broadway and Times Square by night

In the 1920s, a car dealer in Los Angeles bought signs that literally stopped traffic. At that time, 2,000 shops across the U.S. were designing and making neon signs. While popularity declined in the U.S. after the Second World War, it grew in countries like Japan and Iran.

There is also a smaller version of this technology called the neon glow lamp. Daniel McFarlan Moore developed these miniature lamps in 1917. Unlike large tubes, these use a principle called coronal discharge. They consist of two electrodes placed very close together in a small bulb. These lamps can be less than one centimeter long. They were used for decades as small indicator lights in electronics and home appliances.

Nixie2
Nixie2

Neon technology has connected to many different fields over time. The development of phosphors for color televisions in the 1950s created nearly 100 new colors for neon lighting. Furthermore, the technology used in small glow lamps helped lead to contemporary plasma displays and televisions.

Modern vegas vic souvenirs
Modern vegas vic souvenirs

Today, neon remains a vital tool for both commercial advertising and fine art.

Neon lights art installation
Neon lights art installation
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File:Neon lights art installation.jpg
Neon lights art installation.jpg
File:Piccadilly Circus in London 1962 Brighter.jpg
Piccadilly Circus in London 1962 Brighter.jpg
File:Broadway and Times Square by night.jpg
Broadway and Times Square by night.jpg
File:NeTube.jpg
NeTube.jpg
File:Modern vegas vic souvenirs.JPG
Modern vegas vic souvenirs.JPG
File:Tecnolux neon display (32681).jpg
Tecnolux neon display (32681).jpg
File:Payday loan shop window.jpg
Payday loan shop window.jpg
File:London England Victor Grigas 2011-37.jpg
London England Victor Grigas 2011-37.jpg
File:Nixie2.gif
Nixie2.gif
File:The Blessing Hand by Stepan Ryabchenko in Saatchi Gallery in London.jpg
The Blessing Hand by Stepan Ryabchenko in...
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Hubert Czerepok, Przyszłość nie jest tym...
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