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Mughal-e-Azam

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Mughal-e-Azam is a landmark Indian historical drama film.

Mughal-e-Azam BW Colour comparison
Mughal-e-Azam BW Colour comparison

Released on 5 August 1960, it tells a grand story of love and conflict. The plot follows the forbidden romance between Prince Salim and a court dancer named Anarkali. Salim eventually becomes the Emperor Jahangir. His father, Emperor Akbar, opposes the relationship. This disagreement leads to a war between the father and his son. The film is celebrated for its massive scale and incredible attention to detail. It is considered a milestone for the historical drama genre in India.

The story begins with Emperor Akbar praying for a male heir. When Prince Salim is born, Akbar promises a maid that he will grant her any wish. Years later, Salim returns from war as a soldier. He falls in love with Nadira, a dancer whom the Emperor renames Anarkali, meaning pomegranate blossom. A jealous dancer named Bahar exposes their relationship. Akbar refuses to allow the marriage and imprisons Anarkali. Salim rebels and gathers an army to rescue her. After being defeated in battle, Salim faces death. To save the prince, Anarkali agrees to be immured, which means being walled up in a tomb. She drugs Salim so he cannot interfere with her sacrifice. However, Akbar remembers his promise to the maid. He arranges for Anarkali and her mother to escape into a life of obscurity.

Creating this film was a massive undertaking that lasted many years.

Dilip Kumar Jwar Bhata
Dilip Kumar Jwar Bhata

Director K. Asif began developing the project in 1944. He was inspired by a 1922 play called Anarkali by Imtiaz Ali Taj. The production faced many obstacles during this time. Political tensions and communal rioting during India's 1947 partition caused delays. The project also lost its financier when Shiraz Ali migrated to Pakistan. The original cast had to be replaced entirely before principal photography began in the early 1950s. Despite these hurdles, the film was completed and became the most expensive Indian motion picture ever made at that time.

The production design was exceptionally extravagant. Art director M. K. Syed led a team that built massive sets. Some sets took six weeks just to erect. One famous set was a replica of the Sheesh Mahal, a palace hall. This set took two years to build and cost over 1.5 million rupees. This amount was more than the budget for an entire Hindi film in that era. The set featured thousands of small mirrors made of Belgian glass. These mirrors were crafted by workers from Firozabad. The resulting grandeur gave the film the feel of a Hollywood historical epic.

To achieve realism, the crew recruited skilled artisans from across India.

Jahangir with portrait of Akbar
Jahangir with portrait of Akbar

Tailors in Delhi used zardozi, a type of intricate embroidery, for the Mughal costumes. Jewellery was crafted by goldsmiths in Hyderabad. Blacksmiths from Rajasthan manufactured the armour, including shields, swords, and spears. Footwear was ordered from Agra, and crowns were designed in Kolhapur. The battle sequences were also enormous in scale. The crew used 2,000 camels, 400 horses, and 8,000 troops for the fighting. Many of these troops came from the Indian Army's Jaipur cavalry, the 56th Regiment.

The actors faced significant challenges during filming.

Dilip Kumar Jwar Bhata
Dilip Kumar Jwar Bhata

Prithviraj Kapoor played Emperor Akbar and wore very heavy costumes. He even suffered blisters on his feet from walking barefoot in the desert. Madhubala played Anarkali and suffered from congenital heart disease. This caused her to faint on set at times. She also dealt with skin abrasions during the prison scenes. Dilip Kumar, who played Prince Salim, struggled with the intense heat of Rajasthan while wearing heavy body armour. These difficult conditions added to the intensity of their performances.

Mughal-e-Azam was a massive commercial success. It broke box office records and held the title of the highest-grossing Indian film for 15 years. It won one National Film Award and three Filmfare Awards. While most of the film was shot in black and white, about 30 minutes were filmed in colour.

Mughal-e-Azam BW Colour comparison
Mughal-e-Azam BW Colour comparison

Decades later, it became the first black-and-white Hindi film to be fully digitally coloured. This colour version was released on 12 November 2004 and was also a commercial success. While film scholars praise its themes, they sometimes question its historical accuracy.

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File:Sulocmov.jpg
Sulocmov.jpg
File:Dilip Kumar Jwar Bhata.jpg
Dilip Kumar Jwar Bhata.jpg
File:Jahangir with portrait of Akbar.jpg
Jahangir with portrait of Akbar.jpg
File:Mughal-e-Azam BW Colour comparison.jpg
Mughal-e-Azam BW Colour comparison.jpg
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