Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Modelling clay

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Modelling clay refers to a group of malleable substances used for building and sculpting.

Caruaru-figuras-de-barro
Caruaru-figuras-de-barro

Malleability allows a person to change the shape of the material easily. Different compositions and production processes create many distinct types of clay. These materials serve a wide range of purposes in the world. Artists use them for fine sculptures. Industrial designers use them to create models of cars or airplanes.

BMW 1 Series model
BMW 1 Series model

Even animators rely on specific clays to bring characters to life.

Ceramic clay is a water-based substance made from clay minerals and other raw materials. To make these items permanent, they must undergo a process called firing. This involves baking the clay at very high temperatures in a kiln. Firing transforms the wet substance into ceramics. These finished products include earthenware, stoneware, porcelain, and terra cotta.

Rodin Carrie-Belleuse p1070141
Rodin Carrie-Belleuse p1070141

The heat changes the chemical nature of the minerals into a hard, durable object.

Paper clay is a specialized type of ceramic clay body. Manufacturers add a small percentage of processed cellulose fiber to the pottery clay. This addition increases the tensile strength of the clay when it is dry. It also allows for better joins between wet-to-dry or dry-to-dry pieces. When the paper clay is kiln-fired, the cellulose fiber burns out completely. This process leaves behind a solid clay body.

DECO clay roses and seashells
DECO clay roses and seashells

Because of this, users must select specific glazes and firing temperatures.

Oil-based clays consist of combinations of clay minerals, waxes, and oils. Unlike water-based clays, the oils in this mixture do not evaporate. This property means the clay remains malleable even in dry environments for long periods. However, these clays cannot be fired to become ceramics. The malleability of oil-based clay is influenced by temperature. As the temperature rises, the viscosity of the oil decreases. This makes the clay easier to work with when it is warm.

Because it does not dry out, oil-based clay is highly valued by stop motion animators. They can manipulate the models frame after frame without the material hardening.

Clay model of Indian traditional village games
Clay model of Indian traditional village games

These clays are also used to create highly detailed sculptures. Artists often make molds from these detailed works. They can then create reproductions using much more durable materials. Some industrial-grade versions are even used in the design of airplanes and cars.

History shows many different inventors contributed to these materials. In 1880, Franz Kolb patented Plastilin in Germany. Claude Chavant later developed a version in 1892. In 1897, William Harbutt of Bathampton, England, invented Plasticine. One specific brand, Roma Plastilina, uses a formula that is over 100 years old.

Rodin Carrie-Belleuse p1070141
Rodin Carrie-Belleuse p1070141

Users should note that Roma Plastilina contains sulfur. This can make it difficult to use certain moldmaking compounds that will not set in the presence of sulfur.

Polymer clay is another distinct material used by hobbyists and professional artists. Despite its name, polymer clay generally contains no actual clay minerals. It is a popular choice for animation because it allows for static forms to be manipulated. To harden the material, it must be heated for approximately 15 minutes per thickness. A major benefit of polymer clay is that it does not significantly shrink or change shape during this curing process. Leading brands include Sculpey, Fimo, Kato Polyclay, Modello, and Crafty Argentina.

These various materials connect to many different fields of human activity. In art studios, paper clay is used for both functional studio pottery and sculptural work. In craft and doll-making, it serves as an unfired body. The science of material composition determines whether a clay is water-soluble or hydrophobic. Whether used for a tiny craft project or a massive industrial model, the specific properties of the clay dictate how the creator can use it.

613 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Rodin Carrie-Belleuse p1070141.jpg
Rodin Carrie-Belleuse p1070141.jpg
File:Caruaru-figuras-de-barro.jpg
Caruaru-figuras-de-barro.jpg
File:DECO clay roses and seashells.jpg
DECO clay roses and seashells.jpg
File:BMW 1 Series model.jpg
BMW 1 Series model.jpg
File:Clay model of Indian traditional village games.jpg
Clay model of Indian traditional village games.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.