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Matsu Islands

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The Matsu Islands are an archipelago located in the East China Sea.

Nationalist China - administrative divisons. LOC 2007633622
Nationalist China - administrative divisons. LOC 2007633622

They sit near the southeastern coast of mainland China. This group of 36 islands and islets forms Lienchiang County. This is the smallest county in the Taiwan Area by both area and population. The islands are part of the nominal Fuchien Province. They are currently administered by the Republic of China. The archipelago is named after its main island, Nangan. Nangan is also called Matsu Island because of a local temple.

Magang Mazu Temple, Nangan, Matsu, Taiwan
Magang Mazu Temple, Nangan, Matsu, Taiwan

This temple is believed to be the burial site of the goddess Mazu.

Geologically, the islands are quite distinct. They are mostly composed of granite and diabase. These are types of intrusive rocks. This means they were formed from magma that cooled beneath the surface. The granite and diabase were emplaced between 160 and 94 million years ago.

Fuxing Village
Fuxing Village

The islands have a subtropical maritime climate. This climate is influenced by monsoon winds and ocean currents. The average annual temperature is 17°C. The average low is 13°C, and the average high is 21°C. Daily temperatures change significantly between day and night. The islands experience four seasons. Winter is cold, cloudy, and wet. Spring and summer are often very foggy. Autumn usually brings more stable weather. Because the soil is not ideal for farming, agriculture can be difficult.

Vegetable Farming Park, Nangan, Matsu, Taiwan
Vegetable Farming Park, Nangan, Matsu, Taiwan

The islands consist of 19 specific islands and islets. There are five major islands in the group. These are Nangan, Dongju, Xiju, Beigan, and Dongyin.

Lienchiang County Map (English)
Lienchiang County Map (English)

Dongyin is the northernmost island in the chain. Dongju is the southernmost island. Beigan contains the highest point in the entire archipelago. Other minor islands include Liang Island, Gaodeng Island, Daqiu Island, and Xiaoqiu. These smaller islands are part of Beigan Township. The islands are located very close to mainland China. In fact, the shortest distance between the islands and Huangqi is the shortest gap between the ROC and the PRC.

Human history on the islands began long ago. During the Yuan dynasty, people from Fujian and Chekiang started migrating there. Most residents originally came from Houguan. For several hundred years, a net fishing industry helped settlements grow. This industry drove the development of the Fuao settlement. During the Ming dynasty, crewmen of Zheng He stayed on the islands. In the early Qing dynasty, pirates gathered there, causing residents to leave temporarily. In 1912, the British established the Dongyong Lighthouse on Dongyin Island.

Tungyin Tao Lighthouse
Tungyin Tao Lighthouse

They did this to help ships navigate the spice traffic routes.

The 20th century brought major political changes. The Chinese Civil War began in 1927. In 1949, the islands were divided between two governments. The People's Republic of China (PRC) took control of mainland China. The Republic of China (ROC) retained control of the Matsu Islands. This made Lienchiang County the only geographical unit with the same name divided by two administrations. In 1958, the islands faced a major conflict. The PRC began a heavy bombardment of the islands. This event triggered the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. The islands became a major topic in American politics during the 1960 U.S. presidential election.

Political life on the islands has evolved since the Cold War. During that era, the islands gained a collective identity. They also developed a much stronger relationship with Taiwan. In 1992, self-governance resumed for the county. This happened after the cessation of political warfare. Since then, local construction has increased. In 1999, the Matsu National Scenic Area Administration was created.

In 2001, direct shipping began between Matsu and Fujian Province. Since 2015, tourists from mainland China can apply for permits to visit. This was done to boost tourism in the outlying islands.

Modern challenges still affect the archipelago. In 2020, illegal sand mining by Chinese ships caused concern. This activity could damage the marine environment. It also risks damaging underwater telecommunications cables. In 2021, hundreds of Chinese squid fishing boats surrounded the islands. Their lights made the night sky appear green. In February 2023, two submarine cables were cut. These cables connect Matsu to Taiwan island. The damage affected communication services for local residents.

Dapu Village, Dongju, Matsu, Taiwan
Dapu Village, Dongju, Matsu, Taiwan
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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Fujian quan tu LOC 96685903.jpg
Fujian quan tu LOC 96685903.jpg
File:Nationalist China - administrative divisons. LOC 2007633622.jpg
Nationalist China - administrative...
File:Commemorative NT$10 Coin in Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of Taiwan's Retrocession.png
Commemorative NT$10 Coin in Celebration...
File:Dapu Village, Dongju, Matsu, Taiwan.JPG
Dapu Village, Dongju, Matsu, Taiwan.JPG
File:Lienchiang County Map (English).svg
Lienchiang County Map (English).svg
File:Fuxing Village.jpg
Fuxing Village.jpg
File:王忠銘.jpg
王忠銘.jpg
File:(中华民国)连江县政府 - Lianjiang County (R.O.C.) Govenment - 2014.04 - panoramio.jpg
(中华民国)连江县政府 - Lianjiang County (R.O.C.)...
File:Lienchiang County Council 20120928 (cropped).jpg
Lienchiang County Council 20120928 (cropped).jpg
File:Magang Mazu Temple, Nangan, Matsu, Taiwan.JPG
Magang Mazu Temple, Nangan, Matsu, Taiwan.JPG
File:Vegetable Farming Park, Nangan, Matsu, Taiwan.JPG
Vegetable Farming Park, Nangan, Matsu, Taiwan.JPG
File:協和發電廠珠山分廠.jpg
協和發電廠珠山分廠.jpg

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