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Marines

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Marines are specialized military personnel trained to operate on both land and sea. Their primary focus is often amphibious warfare. This term describes military operations that involve moving from ships to the shore.

Amphibious assault, RIMPAC 2014 140729-N-QG393-070
Amphibious assault, RIMPAC 2014 140729-N-QG393-070

Marines act as a bridge between naval power and land combat. They are essential for securing key points along coastlines. By doing this, they allow a navy to influence events far beyond the water's edge.

To carry out these missions, marines use many different methods of transport. They often deploy from warships using small boats or larger landing craft. Some units use hovercraft to move quickly over water and sand.

MARCOS during a VBSS exercise at RIMPAC 2022
MARCOS during a VBSS exercise at RIMPAC 2022

Other specialized groups use helicopters to fly directly to a target. Some marines are even trained in combat diving or parachuting. These skills allow them to reach places that traditional ships cannot.

Historically, the role of the marine has changed many times. In ancient times, there was very little difference between sailors and soldiers. On Greek and Roman ships, the men rowing the oars often had to fight hand-to-hand.

Trireme
Trireme

The Roman Republic eventually changed this by using professional soldiers for ship combat. During the First Punic War, they used a device called the corvus. This was a long, pivoting plank with a sharp spike on the bottom.

Corvus
Corvus

The corvus would hook onto an enemy ship to create a bridge. This allowed Roman infantry to board enemy vessels and fight as if they were on land.

Organized marine units have appeared throughout history in different forms. The first organized marine corps was created in Venice by Doge Enrico Dandolo. He established a regiment of ten companies to serve across several ships. In 1550, these troops were officially called "Fanti da Mar," which means sea infantry.

AssyrianWarship
AssyrianWarship

Spain also has a very long history with these troops. In 1537, King Carlos I assigned naval infantry to specific Mediterranean squadrons. These units are the ancestors of the modern Spanish Infantería de Marina. They are recognized as the oldest marine corps still in active service today.

Spanish Marines 040505-N-7586B-236
Spanish Marines 040505-N-7586B-236

Today, different nations organize their marine forces in various ways. In most countries, marines are an integral part of the navy. Examples include the United Kingdom's Royal Marines and Russia's Naval Infantry. However, some nations place their marine forces within the army, such as France. In the United States, the Marine Corps is an independent military branch.

Battle of Nassau
Battle of Nassau

Even landlocked nations like Bolivia maintain marine forces. Bolivia has about 2,000 naval infantry personnel organized into seven small battalions.

Infantería de marina boliviana encima de lanchas inflables
Infantería de marina boliviana encima de lanchas inflables

This helps them work toward political goals regarding their coastline.

Modern marines perform many duties beyond traditional combat. They are often used for rapid-response operations and special operations. Marines also provide humanitarian aid and disaster relief during crises.

Italian landing at Tripoli3
Italian landing at Tripoli3

They may also be used for maritime boarding operations or to maintain security on naval bases. Some units focus on riverine or coastal missions. These diverse roles show how the concept of a marine has expanded over centuries.

Understanding the term "marine" also requires looking at language. The English word comes from the Latin word "mare," which means sea. In many European languages, the word actually means "navy." For example, in Dutch, French, German, and Italian, the word refers to the entire naval force. This can cause confusion when translating the specific term for a group of troops. In many places, they are instead called "naval infantry" or "coastal infantry."

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🖼️ Images & Media (41)
File:Battle of Nassau.jpg
Battle of Nassau.jpg
File:AssyrianWarship.jpg
AssyrianWarship.jpg
File:Trireme.jpg
Trireme.jpg
File:Corvus.svg
Corvus.svg
File:Italian landing at Tripoli3.jpg
Italian landing at Tripoli3.jpg
File:Amphibious assault, RIMPAC 2014 140729-N-QG393-070.jpg
Amphibious assault, RIMPAC 2014...
File:Infantería_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_lanchas_inflables.jpg
Infantería_de_marina_boliviana_encima_de_l...
File:Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_elite_Brazilian_Unit_during_Joint_training_DVIDS280895.jpg
Naval_Special_Warfare_troops_train_with_el...
File:Chilean_SF.JPEG
Chilean_SF.JPEG
File:Multinational VBSS Exercise at RIMPAC 160714-N-MV764-001.jpg
Multinational VBSS Exercise at RIMPAC...
File:Finnish coastal jaegers.jpg
Finnish coastal jaegers.jpg
File:Défilé du 14 Juillet 2008 (2667450817).jpg
Défilé du 14 Juillet 2008 (2667450817).jpg

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