Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Marc Okrand

language culture Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Marc Okrand is an American linguist who specializes in the structure of human speech. A linguist is a professional who studies how languages function. Okrand has applied this scientific study to two very different areas. He has worked extensively with Native American languages. He is also famous for creating constructed languages for science fiction. These are languages designed specifically for fictional worlds. His work helps make imaginary cultures feel real and believable through speech.

Okrand's academic career began with a focus on real-world linguistic history. He earned a bachelor's degree in linguistics from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1970. Later, he attended the University of California, Berkeley for doctoral studies. In 1977, he completed his doctoral dissertation on the grammar of Mutsun. Mutsun is an extinct Ohlone language. It was once spoken in the coastal areas of north-central California. His research was supervised by the pioneering linguist Mary Haas.

Before his fame in film, Okrand worked on practical communication tools. From 1975 to 1978, he taught undergraduate linguistics courses at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 1978, he held a post-doctoral fellowship at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C. He later joined the National Captioning Institute. There, he worked on the first closed-captioning system. This technology provides text on the screen for hearing-impaired television viewers. He served as a director for Live Captioning at the institute until 2013.

Okrand's transition to science fiction happened by chance in 1982. While he was coordinating closed captioning for the Oscars, he met a film producer. This producer was working on the movie Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Okrand's first task was dubbing dialogue in the Vulcan language. The actors had already filmed their scenes speaking English. Paramount Pictures soon hired him to develop the Klingon language. He coached actors for Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country.

To help fans learn these new tongues, Okrand became a prolific author. He wrote The Klingon Dictionary, which was first published in 1985. He released a revised and enlarged edition in 1992. He also wrote The Klingon Way in 1996 and Klingon for the Galactic Traveler in 1997. Beyond books, he created audio courses like Conversational Klingon in 1992 and Power Klingon in 1993. These resources allow people to practice the sounds and rules of the constructed languages.

Okrand has expanded his creative reach to other studios and media. In 2001, he created the Atlantean language for the Disney film Atlantis: The Lost Empire. He also served as an early facial model for the protagonist's character design. In 2018, he developed the language for the Kelpien race. This appeared in the second season of Star Trek: Discovery. He also worked on the post-production of Star Trek Into Darkness. He even created dialogue for the 2009 Star Trek film, though those lines were cut from the final version.

Today, the languages Okrand built are used in high art and theater. He co-authored the libretto for a Klingon opera. A libretto is the text used in an opera. This work debuted at The Hague in September 2010. He also served as President of the board for WSC Avant Bard in Virginia. This organization planned an evening of Shakespeare in Klingon in 2010. These projects show how a linguist's work can connect science fiction to classical literature.

579 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

More to explore

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.