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Little owl

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The little owl, known scientifically as Athene noctua, is a small bird with a very wide range. It belongs to the family Strigidae, which includes most true owls. These birds are found across much of Europe, North Africa, and the Palearctic region extending to Korea. They inhabit many different environments, such as farmland, woodlands, and even semi-deserts. Because they are so common and their population is stable, the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists them as a species of "least concern."

Little Owl (Athene noctua) (45679271535)
Little Owl (Athene noctua) (45679271535)

Physically, the little owl has a very distinct appearance. It features a flat-topped head, a plump body, and a short tail. Its plumage is greyish-brown and covered in white spots, streaks, and bars. A notable feature is the facial disc, which is flattened above the eyes. This shape, combined with white "eyebrows," often gives the owl a stern or frowning expression. They have long legs and bright yellow eyes.

Athene noctua 3d scan Natural History Museum University of Pisa AV 7154
Athene noctua 3d scan Natural History Museum University of Pisa AV 7154

To survive, the little owl follows a specific hunting and feeding process. The owl typically perches in an elevated position to scan the ground. When it spots movement, it swoops down to capture prey. Their diet is quite varied, consisting of insects, earthworms, and invertebrates. They also hunt small vertebrates like mice, rats, voles, and even small birds. Interestingly, they sometimes cache surplus food in holes to use later. Studies of their regurgitated pellets show that mammals make up 20% to 50% of their diet.

Littleowljan21
Littleowljan21

The life cycle of the little owl involves careful teamwork during the breeding season. In the spring, the owl finds a cavity for nesting, such as a tree hole or a cliff crevice. The female lays a clutch of about four white, elliptical eggs. She handles the incubation, which lasts about 28 or 29 days. During this time, the male plays a vital role by bringing food to the female. Once the chicks hatch, the male continues to provide food. As the young grow, both parents hunt to feed them until they leave the nest at seven weeks.

Littleowljan21
Littleowljan21

Scientists have spent a long time studying the taxonomy, or classification, of this species. The Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli first described the bird in 1769 as Strix noctua. In 1822, German zoologist Friedrich Boie introduced the genus Athene. Later, in 1841, George Robert Gray designated the little owl as the type species for that genus. The name Athene honors the Greek goddess of wisdom. This connection exists because the owl was a symbol of wisdom in ancient times.

Athene noctua 3d scan Natural History Museum University of Pisa AV 7154
Athene noctua 3d scan Natural History Museum University of Pisa AV 7154

There are many different subspecies of the little owl across its vast range. For example, the Syrian little owl is a pale grey-brown variety. There are thirteen recognized subspecies, including A. n. saharae in North Africa and A. n. orientalis in Kazakhstan. Some researchers have even suggested splitting certain southeastern groups into a separate species called Lilith's owl. These variations often overlap, and the different groups can intergrade or hybridize where their ranges meet.

Little Owl (Athene noctua) (45679271535)
Little Owl (Athene noctua) (45679271535)

The little owl has a significant presence in both nature and human history. In the wild, there may be between 5 million and 15 million birds globally. While they can live up to 16 years, many only live about three years due to harsh winters or vehicles. Culturally, the owl is deeply linked to the goddess Athena and her Roman counterpart, Minerva. You can even see a little owl on a Greek coin from 500 BC. This historical connection highlights how humans have observed and respected this bird for thousands of years.

Little Owl (Athene noctua) (45679271535)
Little Owl (Athene noctua) (45679271535)
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Athene noctua 3d scan Natural History...
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Little Owl (Athene noctua) (45679271535).jpg
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