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Lena Horne

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Lena Horne was a groundbreaking American singer, actress, dancer, and civil rights activist.

Lena Horne - 1941
Lena Horne - 1941

Her career was remarkably long, spanning more than seventy years. She performed across many different stages, including film, television, and theater. Horne was a pioneer for Black performers in the entertainment industry. She used her platform to advocate for civil rights. This included participating in the March on Washington in August 1963. Her life work showed how art and social activism can intersect.

Horne's early life was marked by much movement. She was born on June 30, 1917, in Brooklyn, New York. Her family was of Black, European American, and Native American descent. Her father, Edwin Horne, was a hotel and restaurant owner. Her mother, Edna Horne, was an actress with a Black theater troupe.

Lena Horne 1997
Lena Horne 1997

Because of her mother's work, Lena traveled extensively. She lived in Georgia for several years. From 1927 to 1929, she lived with her uncle, Frank S. Horne. He was a dean at Fort Valley Junior Industrial Institute. Eventually, she returned to New York at age twelve. She attended St. Peter Claver School and later Girls High School.

Her professional journey began in the music scene of the 1930s. At age sixteen, she joined the chorus line at the Cotton Club in Harlem. At that time, the club featured Black performers but only white audiences.

Lena Horne with Tuskegee airmen
Lena Horne with Tuskegee airmen

In 1934, she took a featured role in the Cotton Club Parade. Later, she moved to Pittsburgh at age eighteen. In Pittsburgh, she studied music from local artists like Billy Strayhorn and Billy Eckstine. These connections helped prepare her for the professional stage. By 1942, she had moved to Hollywood after performing at the Little Troc on the Sunset Strip.

In Hollywood, Horne faced significant systemic challenges due to her ethnicity. She signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), a major film studio. She appeared in films such as *Panama Hattie* and *Cabin in the Sky*.

TillCloudsRollBy01
TillCloudsRollBy01

However, she was often not given leading roles. Because of racial restrictions, her film appearances were frequently limited to stand-alone musical sequences. These scenes were often edited out in cities where theaters would not show Black performers. This editing prevented her from having a continuous role in a film's storyline. She also faced censorship, such as when a scene in *Cabin in the Sky* was removed. This happened because censors found a song and bath scene too suggestive.

Horne eventually shifted her focus from film to a successful nightclub career. She became one of the premier nightclub performers of the post-war era. She headlined at famous locations like the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas. She also performed at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York. In 1957, her live album *Lena Horne at the Waldorf-Astoria* achieved massive success. It became the biggest-selling record by a female artist on the RCA Victor label at that time.

Lena horne 1964
Lena horne 1964

She also became a regular on television variety shows. These included *The Ed Sullivan Show* and *The Bell Telephone Hour*.

Lena Horne in Till the Clouds Roll By 2
Lena Horne in Till the Clouds Roll By 2

In the later years of her career, Horne experienced a major Broadway resurgence. Although she announced her retirement in March 1980, she returned to the stage quickly. In 1981, she starred in a one-woman show titled *Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music*. This production was an instant success at the Nederlander Theatre. It ran for more than 300 performances on Broadway.

TillCloudsRollBy01
TillCloudsRollBy01

The show earned her a special Tony Award and two Grammy Awards. She then took the show on a tour of 41 cities across the United States and Canada. This period proved her enduring connection to live audiences.

Horne's legacy connects the worlds of jazz, Hollywood, and civil rights activism. She was the first African-American person elected to the Screen Actors Guild board of directors. Her career highlights the struggle for representation in American media. She navigated the transition from the era of segregated clubs to the age of television. Her ability to move between musical genres and performance styles was unique. Even as she withdrew from the public eye in 2000, her impact on entertainment remained. She remains a symbol of both artistic excellence and social courage.

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File:TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg
TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg
File:Lena Horne - 1941.jpg
Lena Horne - 1941.jpg
File:Lena Horne in Till the Clouds Roll By 2.jpg
Lena Horne in Till the Clouds Roll By 2.jpg
File:Lena horne 1964.JPG
Lena horne 1964.JPG
File:Lena Horne with Tuskegee airmen.png
Lena Horne with Tuskegee airmen.png
File:Lena Horne 1997.jpg
Lena Horne 1997.jpg
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