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Lake Titicaca

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Lake Titicaca is a massive freshwater lake located in the Andes mountains.

Lake Titicaca - Road to Bolivia (8385839315)
Lake Titicaca - Road to Bolivia (8385839315)

It sits on the border between Peru and Bolivia. The western side lies in the Puno Region of Peru. The eastern side is in the La Paz Department of Bolivia. It is the largest lake in South America by surface area and volume. It is also the 18th largest lake in the world. Many people call it the highest navigable lake on Earth. This means large commercial ships can sail on its surface.

SS Yavari in Puno, 2002
SS Yavari in Puno, 2002

The lake is composed of two distinct subbasins. These two parts are connected by a narrow channel called the Strait of Tiquina. The larger subbasin is known as Lago Grande or Lago Chucuito. It has a mean depth of 106 meters and a maximum depth of 281 meters. The smaller subbasin is called Wiñaymarka, or Lago Pequeño. This smaller area has an average depth of 88 meters and reaches 134 meters at its deepest. The overall average depth for the entire lake is 107 meters.

Puerto de Copacabana
Puerto de Copacabana

Water enters the lake through several different systems. Five major rivers provide the most flow. These are the Ramis, Coata, Ilave, Huancané, and Suchez rivers. More than 20 smaller streams also empty into the lake. The lake is nearly a closed system. Only about 10% of the water leaves through the Río Desaguadero. This river flows south through Bolivia to Lake Poopó. The other 90% of water loss comes from evapotranspiration. This is caused by intense sunlight and strong winds at high altitudes.

The history of the lake's name is quite complex. It likely had many names before the Spaniards arrived. The Aymara people may have called it titiq’aq’a. This translates to a lead-colored puma. This name refers to a sacred rock on the Isla del Sol.

Templo del Sol Titicaca
Templo del Sol Titicaca

In the 16th century, it was known as Chuquivitu. This means lance point. Some researchers believe the name Titicaca comes from thakhsi cala. This was the name of the sacred rock on Isla del Sol. Over time, the name changed into the Titicaca we use today.

Lake Titicaca is a vital home for many unique creatures. It hosts more than 530 aquatic species. About 90% of the fish in the basin are endemic. This means they are found nowhere else on Earth. There are 23 different species of Orestias fish in the lake.

Criadero de peces en el Lago Titicaca cerca de Copacabana Bolivia
Criadero de peces en el Lago Titicaca cerca de Copacabana Bolivia

The lake also supports rare animals like the Titicaca water frog.

Lake Titicaca Frog 1
Lake Titicaca Frog 1

Other special animals include the flightless Titicaca grebe. The lake is also an Important Bird Area for many species. These include the Chilean flamingo and the Andean gull.

Bird on the Uros islands (3399304315)
Bird on the Uros islands (3399304315)

There are 41 islands located within the lake. Some of these islands have large populations of people.

Taquile Island
Taquile Island

The lake is also home to the Uros people.

Islas flotantes de los Uros, Lago Titicaca, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 30
Islas flotantes de los Uros, Lago Titicaca, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 30

The water is slightly brackish. This means it has a small amount of salt. UNESCO reports the salinity is between 5.2 and 5.5 parts per 1000. Large cities like Puno sit near the water.

Vista de Puno y el Titicaca, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 63
Vista de Puno y el Titicaca, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 63

These settlements are part of the larger Titicaca watershed.

Today, the lake faces several serious environmental challenges. Since the year 2000, the water levels have been receding. Between April and November 2009, the level dropped by 1.2 meters. This was the lowest level since 1949. This drop is caused by shorter rainy seasons and melting glaciers. Water pollution is also a growing problem. Growing cities sometimes lack enough sewage treatment systems. A 2011 United Nations report found high levels of cadmium, arsenic, and lead. Because of these risks, the Global Nature Fund named it a "Threatened Lake of the Year" in 2012.

Copacabana, Bolivia at sunset
Copacabana, Bolivia at sunset
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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Copacabana, Bolivia at sunset.jpg
Copacabana, Bolivia at sunset.jpg
File:Vista de Puno y el Titicaca, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 63.JPG
Vista de Puno y el Titicaca, Perú,...
File:Templo del Sol Titicaca.jpg
Templo del Sol Titicaca.jpg
File:Lake Titicaca Frog 1.JPG
Lake Titicaca Frog 1.JPG
File:Bird on the Uros islands (3399304315).jpg
Bird on the Uros islands (3399304315).jpg
File:Criadero de peces en el Lago Titicaca cerca de Copacabana Bolivia.jpg
Criadero de peces en el Lago Titicaca...
File:Lake Titicaca - Road to Bolivia (8385839315).jpg
Lake Titicaca - Road to Bolivia (8385839315).jpg
File:Islas flotantes de los Uros, Lago Titicaca, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 30.JPG
Islas flotantes de los Uros, Lago...
File:Isla de Sol, Lago Titicaca 3.jpg
Isla de Sol, Lago Titicaca 3.jpg
File:Isla de la Luna from Isla del Sol.jpg
Isla de la Luna from Isla del Sol.jpg
File:Intikawan Amantani.jpg
Intikawan Amantani.jpg
File:Taquile Island.jpg
Taquile Island.jpg

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