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KwaZulu-Natal

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

KwaZulu-Natal, often called KZN, is a vital province located in the southeast of South Africa.

South Africa Districts showing KZ
South Africa Districts showing KZ

It sits along the Indian Ocean and possesses a very long shoreline. The province shares international borders with Mozambique, Eswatini, and Lesotho. Domestically, it borders the provinces of Mpumalanga, Free State, and the Eastern Cape. It is the second-most populous province in South Africa, following Gauteng. The capital is Pietermaritzburg, while Durban serves as its largest city. Durban is significant because it contains the largest port in sub-Saharan Africa.

The geography of the province is divided into three distinct regions. The coastal lowland region is extremely narrow in the south. This area widens as you move toward the northern part of the province. The central area is known as the Natal Midlands. This region consists of an undulating, hilly plateau that rises toward the west. To the west, the Drakensberg Mountains form a massive basalt wall. This range rises beside the border of Lesotho. In the north, the Lebombo Mountains form parallel granite ranges running south from Eswatini.

Upland South Africa Savanna
Upland South Africa Savanna

Climate and vegetation vary greatly due to this complex topography. The coastal regions are subtropical and humid.

Coastal mangrove forest near Durban's Umgeni River
Coastal mangrove forest near Durban's Umgeni River

These areas often feature subtropical thickets and deep ravines. As you move inland, the climate becomes progressively colder. The Natal Midlands contain moist grasslands and isolated pockets of Afromontane Forest. The northern part of the province is primarily a moist savanna habitat. In the high Drakensberg region, the landscape is mostly alpine grassland. This area can experience heavy winter snow, and even light snow in summer.

Howick falls3
Howick falls3

Nature in KwaZulu-Natal is of global importance. Two areas have been named UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These are the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park. These sites are essential for surrounding ecosystems. Additionally, the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park, and Ndumo are designated as Ramsar sites. These are wetlands of international importance for migratory species. South Africa protects these areas through the 1971 Ramsar Convention.

Kznbeach
Kznbeach

A unique natural event occurs annually called the sardine run. Millions of sardines migrate north along the coast toward KwaZulu-Natal. This massive shoal attracts thousands of predators, including sharks, dolphins, and seabirds.

The history of the region involves many different groups and eras. In the 1830s and early 1840s, the northern area was the Zulu Kingdom. The southern part was briefly the Boer Natalia Republic. The British took control in 1843 and renamed it the Colony of Natal. The Zulu Kingdom remained independent until 1879. Later, in 1994, the government merged the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu with the Natal Province. The name KwaZulu means "Place of the Zulu" in the Zulu language.

Map of definitions of Zululand-KwaZulu
Map of definitions of Zululand-KwaZulu

This merger created the modern province of KwaZulu-Natal.

Many notable figures in South African history were born here. Albert Luthuli was the first person from outside Europe or the Americas to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1960. Pixley ka Isaka Seme founded the African National Congress (ANC) and was the country's first black lawyer. Other important figures include John Langalibalele Dube and anti-apartheid activist Harry Gwala. The province is also home to musical talents like the Grammy award-winning group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. It is also the birthplace of the former President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma.

Comrades Marathon 2023 Starting Line
Comrades Marathon 2023 Starting Line

Today, the province is a diverse and organized territory. It is divided into one metropolitan municipality and ten district municipalities. The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality includes the city of Durban. In 2012, the Ingonyama Trust owned 32% of the land in the province. This covers about three million hectares and is occupied by over 4 million people. The Zulu king serves as the chairman of this Trust. The province even uses innovative technology, such as roads made partially from recycled plastic milk cartons.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Howick falls3.jpg
Howick falls3.jpg
File:Upland South Africa Savanna.jpg
Upland South Africa Savanna.jpg
File:Coastal mangrove forest near Durban's Umgeni River.jpg
Coastal mangrove forest near Durban's...
File:South Africa Districts showing KZ.png
South Africa Districts showing KZ.png
File:KwaZulu-Natal population density map.svg
KwaZulu-Natal population density map.svg
File:KwaZulu-Natal dominant language map.svg
KwaZulu-Natal dominant language map.svg
File:Kznbeach.jpg
Kznbeach.jpg
File:San Lameer.jpg
San Lameer.jpg
File:Map of definitions of Zululand-KwaZulu.svg
Map of definitions of Zululand-KwaZulu.svg
File:KwaZulu-Natal Parliament building, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.jpg
KwaZulu-Natal Parliament building,...
File:South_Africa_KwaZulu-Natal_Parliament_2024.svg
South_Africa_KwaZulu-Natal_Parliament_2024.svg
File:Sugar Cane in Midlands South.jpg
Sugar Cane in Midlands South.jpg

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