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Kurmanbek Bakiyev

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Kurmanbek Sali uulu Bakiyev is a prominent Kyrgyzstani politician. He served as the second president of Kyrgyzstan from 2005 until 2010. His presidency was defined by significant political shifts and intense social unrest. Bakiyev rose to power following the Tulip Revolution in 2005. This event led to the removal of the previous president, Askar Akayev. After the revolution, the Supreme Council appointed Bakiyev as the acting president. He later won a formal presidential election on July 10, 2005, with 89% of the vote.

Bakiyev
Bakiyev

Bakiyev's early life and career provided him with various leadership roles. He was born on August 1, 1949, in the village of Masadan. His father, Sali Bakiyev, was the chairman of a collective farm. Bakiyev served in the Soviet Army in 1974. He graduated from the Kuibyshev Polytechnic Institute in 1978. Before entering high-level politics, he worked at a plug-in connectors factory. He also served as a governor for the Jalal-Abad and Chui regions. By December 2000, he had reached the position of prime minister.

During his presidency, Bakiyev's administration faced accusations of creating a family clan regime. His brother, Zhanysh Bakiyev, led the State Security Service starting in 2006. His son, Maxim Bakiyev, headed the Central Agency for Development, Innovation and Investment. Critics argued the family used these positions to control the nation's wealth. For example, Maxim Bakiyev was accused of controlling fuel supplies for the Manas air base. Some reports suggested the family profited greatly from these lucrative contracts. There were also allegations regarding the misuse of cellular call taxes.

Bakiyev
Bakiyev

Political tension often resulted in public protests and civil unrest. In 2006, thousands of people protested in Bishkek, the capital city. They accused Bakiyev of failing to reduce corruption or limit presidential power. In April 2007, more protests occurred demanding his resignation. Although Bakiyev signed constitutional amendments to reduce his power, the protesters continued. Clashes eventually broke out between the police and the protesters in April 2007. These events showed a growing divide between the government and the citizens.

Economic difficulties and energy crises also shaped his time in office. During the winter of 2008–2009, the country faced significant power shortages. In early 2010, the situation worsened with regular rolling blackouts. Energy prices rose sharply during this period. In February 2010, heating costs were projected to rise by 400 percent. Electricity costs were expected to increase by 170 percent. These rising costs, combined with Russian energy duties, caused massive protests in cities like Talas.

Dmitry Medvedev in Kyrgyzstan 1 August 2009-3
Dmitry Medvedev in Kyrgyzstan 1 August 2009-3

International relations were a central part of Bakiyev's presidency. He worked to strengthen ties with China to improve economic relations. In 2009, he announced the eviction of the US Air Base from Kyrgyzstan. This decision followed a meeting with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. During his rule, the relationship between Kyrgyzstan and China grew stronger. Many Chinese students began studying in Kyrgyzstan as part of this connection. Bakiyev was re-elected in 2009, though many expected him to pursue major reforms.

The presidency ended abruptly during the Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010. In April 2010, violent riots broke out in the capital. Following these events, Bakiyev fled the country. On April 15, 2010, he left for Kazakhstan after signing a resignation letter.

Kurmanbek Bakiyev's resignation letter
Kurmanbek Bakiyev's resignation letter

However, he later traveled to Belarus and claimed he was still the legitimate president. He remained in Minsk under the protection of the Belarusian president.

Dmitry Medvedev in Kyrgyzstan 1 August 2009-3
Dmitry Medvedev in Kyrgyzstan 1 August 2009-3

A court in Kyrgyzstan later sentenced him to life in prison in absentia. This sentence was related to his involvement in the killing of protesters during the 2010 uprising.

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File:Dmitry Medvedev in Kyrgyzstan 1 August 2009-3.jpg
Dmitry Medvedev in Kyrgyzstan 1 August 2009-3.jpg
File:Bakiyev.jpg
Bakiyev.jpg
File:Kurmanbek Bakiyev's resignation letter.jpg
Kurmanbek Bakiyev's resignation letter.jpg
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