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Kohlrabi

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Kohlrabi is a unique vegetable belonging to the species Brassica oleracea. It is a biennial plant, which means it completes its life cycle over two years. In its first year, it grows its edible parts. In the second year, the plant will bloom and produce seeds. This vegetable is a cultivar of wild cabbage. It is closely related to many other common vegetables. These include broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, and collard greens. While its common names include "German turnip" or "turnip cabbage," it is not actually a turnip or a rutabaga. It is simply a low, stout version of wild cabbage.

The unusual shape of kohlrabi comes from a specific biological process. Through artificial selection, humans have encouraged lateral meristem growth. The lateral meristem is the part of the plant that allows it to grow outward. This causes the stem to become swollen and nearly spherical. This enlarged stem is the primary part of the plant used for food. The name "kohlrabi" itself reflects this shape. It combines the German words for cabbage and turnip. The scientific group name, Gongylodes, comes from a Greek word meaning "roundish."

There are many different varieties of kohlrabi available today. Some common types include 'White Vienna', 'Purple Vienna', and 'Grand Duke'. Other varieties are 'Purple Danube' and 'White Vienna'. There is also a variety called 'Gigante', which is sometimes called "Superschmelz." While most spring-grown kohlrabi becomes woody if it grows too large, the Gigante variety stays good to eat even at great sizes. Some varieties, like 'Haakh', are quite different. They grow with a very thin stem and mostly just leaves. The color of the plant can also vary. Some types are purple, but this color is only superficial. The edible interior of these plants is always a pale yellow.

Humans have been growing kohlrabi for hundreds of years. The first European written record of the plant comes from the botanist Mattioli. In 1554, he wrote that kohlrabi had recently arrived in Italy. By the end of the 16th century, the vegetable had spread much further. It was being grown in North Europe in places like Austria and Germany. It was also found in England, Italy, and Spain. The plant even reached Tripoli and parts of the eastern Mediterranean. Today, it is used in many different ways across the globe.

Kohlrabi is a very efficient plant to grow. It matures in only 55 to 60 days after it is sown. Once it reaches maturity, it can stay in the ground for up to 30 days. It is also well-suited for hydroponic systems. These are systems where plants grow in nutrient-rich water instead of soil. In these systems, kohlrabi produces a large amount of edible bulk without clogging the nutrient troughs. Some farmers even use kohlrabi as a source of feed for cattle.

When preparing kohlrabi, it is important to know how to handle the stem. The swollen stem is surrounded by two distinct fibrous layers. These layers are quite tough and do not soften much when they are cooked. Because of this, people usually peel these layers away before eating. Once peeled, the stem has a texture similar to a broccoli stem or a cabbage heart. However, it is milder, sweeter, and more crunchy. The young stem can even be as crisp and juicy as an apple. You can also eat the leaves, though they require more time to cook than the stem.

From a nutritional standpoint, kohlrabi is very healthy. It is composed of 91% water, 6% carbohydrates, and 2% protein. It contains very little fat. A single serving of raw kohlrabi provides about 27 calories. It is a very rich source of vitamin C, providing 65% of the Daily Value (DV). It is also a moderate source of potassium and copper. These nutrients are essential for many bodily functions. Different cultures have developed special ways to enjoy these nutrients. In Kashmir, dishes like Haakh and Monj use the plant and its leaves. In Vietnam, it is used in stir-fries and dishes like nem rán. In Cyprus, it is often served as an appetizer with salt and lemon.

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