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Kneeling

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Kneeling is a fundamental human physical position. It occurs when one or both knees rest upon the ground.

Playful boy in the expansive courtyard of the Great Umayyed Mosque of Damascus, Syria
Playful boy in the expansive courtyard of the Great Umayyed Mosque of Damascus, Syria

While it seems like a simple movement, it carries deep social meaning. In many contexts, kneeling serves as a signal of deference. This means it shows respect or submission to another person. When a person kneels, they appear physically smaller. This change in stature can communicate a specific social status. This behavior is not unique to humans, as it appears in other primates too.

In the animal kingdom, primates use kneeling to manage social structures. These groups often follow a dominance hierarchy, also known as a pecking order. This hierarchy is vital for the group's survival and behavior. For example, chimpanzees live in complex social groups. These groups include a dominant male and a corresponding female. Other males and juvenile chimps are submissive to them. In these groups, males who threaten the hierarchy face severe risks. They may be injured or even killed. Therefore, using submissive behaviors like kneeling can be a necessary tool for survival.

Humans have integrated this submissive behavior into many religious traditions. Kneeling is a widespread method for prayer and worship. It is used to revere deities or supernatural entities. Some perspectives suggest the physical direction of the body holds meaning. For instance, kneeling moves the knees toward the "underworld." Meanwhile, raising hands in prayer reaches toward the "heavenly gods."

Unknown painter - Christ on the Cross with Mary as Intercessor and a Donor - WGA23563
Unknown painter - Christ on the Cross with Mary as Intercessor and a Donor - WGA23563

Different faiths have developed specific styles of kneeling to suit their rituals.

In Islam, kneeling or prostrating is known as sujud. This is often performed on a dedicated prayer rug. These rugs are treated with great care by worshippers.

November13,2013 - Muharram 9,1435 - Grand Mosque of Nishapur 17
November13,2013 - Muharram 9,1435 - Grand Mosque of Nishapur 17

Judaism also utilizes kneeling, though it is less common than standing. In Judaism, the Amidah prayer is typically performed while standing. However, kneeling occurs during the holiday of Yom Kippur. This holiday is also called the Day of Atonement. Both Islam and Judaism practice a full-body prostration. In Hebrew, this is called Qidah, and in Arabic, it is called Sajdah. This involves the knees, hands, and forehead touching the ground.

Christianity also holds a long history of kneeling during worship. The New Testament suggests that kneeling is a preferred form of prayer. It warns against being like hypocrites who only love to stand and pray.

Unknown painter - Christ on the Cross with Mary as Intercessor and a Donor - WGA23563
Unknown painter - Christ on the Cross with Mary as Intercessor and a Donor - WGA23563

Christian scripture also states that every knee should bend in heaven, on earth, and under the earth. To assist with this, many churches provide kneelers. Some are built into the church, while others are portable. These portable kneelers are called prie-dieus.

JFK casket in White House
JFK casket in White House

In many denominations, such as Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican, couples kneel during wedding ceremonies. They may kneel during the Lord's Prayer or a Nuptial Blessing. Some ceremonies even use a Lazo, which is a rope placed around the couple's shoulders while they kneel.

In Western culture, kneeling is a common part of marriage proposals. A person typically kneels on one knee, a position called genuflection. They often hold an engagement ring during this moment.

Love in the air (Goa-India)
Love in the air (Goa-India)

While this feels like an ancient tradition, it may be a modern custom. Some historians link it to European feudal society. In that era, kneeling before a lord suggested servitude or surrender. Medieval art sometimes showed knights kneeling before ladies in acts of courtly love. This suggests that kneeling as a romantic expression mirrors the submission given to lords.

East Asian cultures also feature unique forms of kneeling. In Japan, there is a formal sitting position called seiza. This was adopted widely after the Edo period. It is now used in households and for cultural events like tea parties or funerals.

Narendra Modi and Shinzo Abe during a tea ceremony at Akasaka Palace
Narendra Modi and Shinzo Abe during a tea ceremony at Akasaka Palace

Another Japanese practice is Dogeza, a deep bow used for formal apologies. In China, the tradition of kowtow was very common. The Mandarin word for kowtow literally means "knock head."

Song Kowtowing Official (47436851822)
Song Kowtowing Official (47436851822)

This ritual involved three kneelings and nine knockings of the head. The number nine was significant because it was associated with the Emperor. In ancient China, students also used kowtow to show gratitude to their teachers. They would kneel and bow to demonstrate their commitment to learning.

Beyond religion and tradition, kneeling appears in various social and physical contexts. In BDSM practices, kneeling is a way to show or enforce submission. These relationships center on creating an unbalanced power dynamic, where consent is essential.

Louise-Adelaide Desnos - A royal meeting, 1838
Louise-Adelaide Desnos - A royal meeting, 1838

Kneeling can also be used in sexual intercourse. It is used in various positions, such as "doggy style" or different riding positions. Whether used for social hierarchy, religious devotion, or romantic gestures, kneeling remains a powerful tool for human communication.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Playful_boy_in_the_expansive_courtyard_of_the_Great_Umayyed_Mosque_of_Damascus,_Syria.jpg
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File:November13,2013_-_Muharram_9,1435_-_Grand_Mosque_of_Nishapur_17.JPG
November13,2013_-_Muharram_9,1435_-_Grand_...
File:Unknown_painter_-_Christ_on_the_Cross_with_Mary_as_Intercessor_and_a_Donor_-_WGA23563.jpg
Unknown_painter_-_Christ_on_the_Cross_with...
File:JFK casket in White House.jpg
JFK casket in White House.jpg
File:Love_in_the_air_(Goa-India).jpg
Love_in_the_air_(Goa-India).jpg
File:Casamento de Pedro e Leopoldina (alegoria), da coleção Museu Histórico Nacional.jpg
Casamento de Pedro e Leopoldina...
File:Narendra_Modi_and_Shinzo_Abe_during_a_tea_ceremony_at_Akasaka_Palace.jpg
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File:Song_Kowtowing_Official_(47436851822).jpg
Song_Kowtowing_Official_(47436851822).jpg
File:MPOTY_2014_U.S._Air_Force_Master_Sgt._kneels_in_front_of_a_battlefield_cross.jpg
MPOTY_2014_U.S._Air_Force_Master_Sgt._knee...
File:Louise-Adelaide_Desnos_-_A_royal_meeting,_1838.jpg
Louise-Adelaide_Desnos_-_A_royal_meeting,_1838.jpg
File:Henri_de_Bourgogne_reçoit_l'investiture_du_comté_de_Portugal,_1094_(Claude_Jacquand,_dit_Claudius;_1841).png
Henri_de_Bourgogne_reçoit_l'investiture_du...
File:Sir_Sydney_Fairbairn_Rowell_being_knighted_by_Queen_Elizabeth_II_-_1953_(30804334837).jpg
Sir_Sydney_Fairbairn_Rowell_being_knighted...

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