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Keyboard instrument

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A keyboard instrument is defined by how a person plays it. The musician uses a keyboard, which is a row of levers. These levers are pressed by the fingers to create music. This category includes many famous instruments like the piano and the organ. It also includes electronic tools like synthesizers and digital pianos.

D274
D274

Musicians value these instruments for their versatility. A skilled performer uses the keys to control expression. They can change the dynamics, or volume, of the sound. They can also adjust the phrasing and the articulation of the music.

Keyboard instruments are classified by how they produce sound. This classification is different from how the performer plays them. One major group is aerophones, which use air to make sound. The pipe organ and the accordion are examples of aerophones. Another group is idiophones, where the instrument's body vibrates. The celesta and the carillon are types of idiophones. Carillons are often found in church bell towers or municipal buildings.

Hammond b3 con leslie 122
Hammond b3 con leslie 122

Another large group is chordophones, which use strings to make music. Chordophones can be split into several different sub-types. Some are plucked string instruments, such as the harpsichord or the lautenwerck. Others are bowed string instruments, like the hurdy-gurdy. There are also struck string instruments, including the clavichord and the piano. Finally, there are electrophones. These use electricity to create sound. Examples include the mellotron, electric organs, and various synthesizers.

Bandoneonphoto3
Bandoneonphoto3

Modern technology has changed how these instruments function. Many today are electronic keyboards or workstations. These devices translate the physical press of a key into electrical signals. This process produces sound through advanced digital sampling technology. Digital sampling allows an instrument to mimic many different sounds. A digital piano can simulate traditional tones very accurately. This allows one device to act like many different instruments.

The history of the keyboard stretches back to Ancient Greece. The earliest known keyboard was the hydraulis. This was a type of pipe organ invented in the third century BC. For many centuries, the organ was the only keyboard instrument. Early organs often used large levers or buttons instead of small keys. Most keyboards until the fifteenth century had seven naturals per octave.

Mosaic of the Female Musicians
Mosaic of the Female Musicians

Newer instruments appeared during the fourteenth century. The clavichord and the harpsichord became common during this time. These instruments were very popular until the eighteenth century. A major turning point occurred in 1698 in Italy. A man named Bartolomeo Cristofori introduced a new template. He called it the gravicèmbalo con piano e forte. This name was later shortened to the pianoforte. This instrument allowed players to control volume by how hard they struck the keys.

This invention changed music history forever. The piano eventually replaced the harpsichord and the clavichord in popularity. The modern piano has continued to evolve since the late nineteenth century. It looks and sounds different than the instruments used by Mozart or Beethoven. In the twentieth century, new electromechanical instruments appeared. The Ondes Martenot was one such early example. Later in the century, fully electronic keyboards were developed.

In musicology, the term "keyboard" has a special meaning. It is used when the exact instrument is not certain. During the 1700s, the harpsichord and early piano competed. A single piece of music might be played on several different types. Because of this, historians use "keyboard" as an all-inclusive term. When we say Mozart was a great keyboard player, we mean many things. We mean he excelled on all the different instruments of his era.

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File:Mosaic of the Female Musicians.jpg
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Hammond b3 con leslie 122.jpg
File:Bandoneonphoto3.jpg
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