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Karma Kagyu

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The Karma Kagyu is a major lineage within the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. It is considered the second-largest lineage in that school. The Kagyu school itself is one of the four main branches of Tibetan Buddhism. The other three branches are the Nyingma, Gelugpa, and Sakya.

KagyuRefugeTree
KagyuRefugeTree

The name Karma Kagyu carries a specific meaning regarding how wisdom is shared. The first syllable, "ka," refers to the Buddha's teachings and the verbal instructions of a master. This syllable also represents the strength found in insightful words. The second syllable, "gyu," means lineage or tradition. Therefore, the name means a line of orally transmitted instructions. This unbroken chain of masters and disciples is often called the "Golden Rosary."

Practitioners in this tradition follow the Vajrayana branch of Mahayana Buddhism. They participate in the Rimé movement, which focuses on non-sectarianism. The school incorporates several complex philosophical traditions. These include Yogacara and Madhyamaka. They also follow the tantric tradition of Chakrasamvara.

KagyuRefugeTree
KagyuRefugeTree

One specific view called Shentong, or "empty of other," became popular in the Karma Kagyu. This view was promoted by the philosopher Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thayé between 1813 and 1899. However, not all masters agreed with this perspective. The 8th Karmapa, Mikyö Dorje, and the second Pawo Rinpoche argued against Shentong. They viewed it as a separate system from Madhyamaka. The Ninth Karmapa, Wangchuk Dorje, also held that these teachings were of expedient meaning.

The central yogic practice of the Karma Kagyu is Mahamudra, which means the "Great Seal." This doctrine is practiced both on its own and as a completion stage of Vajrayana. Mahamudra involves four principal stages of meditative practice known as the Four Yogas. The first stage is the development of single-pointedness of mind. The second stage is the transcendence of all conceptual elaboration. The third stage is the cultivation of the perspective that all phenomena have a "single taste." The final stage is the fruition of the path, which exists beyond contrived meditation.

KagyuRefugeTree
KagyuRefugeTree

Meditation in this lineage is almost always taught in a progressive manner. Early stages include samatha, the study of Buddhist history, and philosophy. Students also receive initiation into the lower tantras. These often involve deities like Avalokiteśvara, Tārā, and Amitābha. Following this, students practice ngöndro and vipassanā. During a traditional three-year retreat, many focus on the Six Yogas of Naropa. At the higher Anuttarayoga Tantra level, practitioners focus on deities such as Dorje Pakmo, Hevajra, and Cakrasaṃvara.

The history of the Karma Kagyu began with its founder, Düsum Khyenpa, the 1st Karmapa Lama. He lived from 1110 to 1193. The lineage is headed by the Gyalwa Karmapa. Followers believe the first historical reincarnate lama, or tulku, was predicted by Gautama Buddha in the Samadhiraja Sutra. The Karmapas are often called "Black Hat" lamas. This name comes from the famous Black Crown they wear.

16 Karmapa Statue cf 09
16 Karmapa Statue cf 09

The lineage has a long history of serving as spiritual advisors to Chinese emperors. The lineage holders are passed down through a direct master-to-disciple transmission.

Today, the Karma Kagyu is a global tradition. It has long-standing monasteries in Tibet, China, Russia, Mongolia, India, Nepal, and Bhutan. Currently, there are centers located in over 60 countries. The lineage includes many highly regarded teachers. Those with the title Rinpoche are considered precious and trustworthy. Those who hold a Khenpo degree have completed studies equivalent to a doctorate.

16 Karmapa Statue cf 09
16 Karmapa Statue cf 09

The lineage also includes many important female figures. Historical female lamas like Sukhasiddhi and Machig Labdrön appear in sacred paintings. Modern female teachers like Ani Pema Chödrön are well-known in the West.

The leadership of the lineage is currently a subject of discussion. When a Karmapa dies, a principal disciple usually holds the lineage until the next one takes his seat. After the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, passed away in 1981, the lineage was left to four eminent lamas. These were the 14th Shamarpa, the 12th Tai Situpa, the 3rd Jamgon Kongtrül, and the 12th Goshir Gyaltsab. Currently, there is controversy regarding the identity of the 17th Karmapa. Two major candidates have been recognized by their supporters: Ogyen Trinley Dorje and Trinley Thaye Dorje. Neither candidate has been enthroned at Rumtek Monastery.

16 Karmapa Statue cf 09
16 Karmapa Statue cf 09
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