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Jury

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A jury is a group of people who help make legal decisions. They are called jurors. Most trials use a small group called a petit jury. These groups usually have up to 15 people.

Jury box cropped
Jury box cropped

Jurors listen to evidence from two sides. One side is the plaintiff or petitioner. The other side is the defendant or respondent. After hearing everything, the jurors talk alone to decide the facts. This decision is called a verdict. Sometimes, a jury cannot agree on a decision. This is called a hung jury.

Jury duty
Jury duty

There are also much larger groups called grand juries. These groups usually have between 16 and 23 members. In the United States, grand juries mostly work in federal courts. They look at evidence to see if a criminal trial should start. They can issue something called an indictment. This is a formal charge against a person. In the United States, the Fifth Amendment protects people from certain charges unless a grand jury decides to move forward.

Jury summons
Jury summons

The jury system has a very long history. It grew from old customs in ancient Greece. In Athens, juries used secret ballots to vote. They even had the power to cancel laws. The modern system grew in England during the Middle Ages. King Henry II helped make it a formal part of the law in the 1100s. At that time, jurors were often local people. They were expected to already know the facts from their own lives. This was called being a "self-informing" jury.

History shows that juries have changed many times. In the year 1215, the Catholic Church stopped using "ordeals." An ordeal was a way to test if someone was guilty using things like hot metal. Without ordeals, juries became even more important for finding the truth. In 1730, the British Parliament passed a law to make juries more fair. This law used a method called sortition. This meant jury members were chosen by lot, like drawing names from a hat. This helped make sure the selection was neutral.

The Jury by John Morgan
The Jury by John Morgan

Today, many countries use the jury system. It is common in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Ireland. These places use English common law. Other countries use different systems. Some use civil law or Islamic sharia law. In those systems, a single judge often makes the decisions. There are also special juries for specific jobs. A coroner's jury might look into a death to help people trust the findings. An advisory jury only gives an opinion to help a judge.

Jury duty
Jury duty
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The Jury by John Morgan.jpg
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Jury summons.jpg
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