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John G. Lake

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John Graham Lake was a prominent leader in the Pentecostal movement during the early 20th century. He was known as a missionary and a faith healer. Faith healing is the belief that divine power can restore health to the sick. Lake also played a vital role in establishing religious organizations in southern Africa. His work helped shape the religious landscape of that region for many years.

Lake's early life involved many different transitions and occupations. He was born in St. Marys, Ontario, in 1870. His family moved to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, in 1886. He grew up in a large family with sixteen siblings. Some records suggest he was ordained as a Methodist minister at age twenty-one. However, historians have not confirmed his formal theological training. He worked in various trades, including roofing and construction.

His business career is a subject of historical debate. Lake claimed to be a successful businessman and a millionaire in life insurance. He also stated he owned two newspapers, the Harvey Citizen and the Soo Times. Some historians, like Barry Morton, find no evidence for these claims. They suggest he may have been a small-scale contractor or a house-flipper. The 1900 Census lists his occupation simply as a carpenter.

Lake's religious journey changed significantly in 1907. He was living in Zion, Illinois, and was influenced by John Alexander Dowie. During this time, Charles Parham held a tent revival in Zion. This event led to Lake's conversion to Pentecostalism. He became a co-leader of a group known as the "Parhamites." This group was led by Thomas Hezmalhalch. After facing legal troubles and social unrest in Illinois, the group moved to Indianapolis.

In 1908, Lake and Hezmalhalch began a major missionary project. They raised $2,000 to travel to South Africa. There, they founded the Apostolic Faith Mission, also known as the AFM. Lake and Hezmalhalch are considered the first Pentecostal missionaries to that region. They introduced the practice of speaking in tongues to the area. This movement became one of the most successful religious movements in southern Africa during the 20th century.

Lake's time in Africa was marked by both growth and personal hardship. He worked as a missionary from 1908 until 1913. During this period, his first wife, Jennie, died in December 1908. He continued his ministry while raising seven children with help from his sister. Some historians have debated his management of mission funds. While some accused him of misappropriating money, these claims were eventually disproved. Other scholars have criticized his ministry from different perspectives.

After returning to the United States in 1913, Lake focused on new ministries. He married Florence Switzer and had five more children. He moved to Spokane, Washington, in 1914. There, he established the Divine Healing Institute. He also opened several "healing rooms" for his ministry. He operated these rooms in Washington, Oregon, and California. He even moved his work to Houston, Texas, in 1927.

Lake's influence remains visible in modern religious traditions. His work in South Africa helped create a fusion of Pentecostalism and Zionism. Historians note that about half of southern African Christians in 2023 are adherents of this tradition. Lake continued his religious work until his death. He suffered a serious stroke and passed away on September 16, 1935. He was sixty-five years old at the time of his death.

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