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Jessie R. Fauset

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Jessie Redmon Fauset was a highly influential editor, poet, and novelist. She played a vital role in shaping African-American literature during the 1920s. This period is known as the Harlem Renaissance. Fauset worked to present a realistic and positive image of Black life. At that time, many stories portrayed African Americans in limited or stereotypical roles. Fauset challenged these views by writing about the Black middle class. Her characters were often educated working professionals. This was a concept that many in American society found inconceivable during her era.

Fauset's most impactful work occurred while she served as the literary editor for The Crisis. This was a magazine published by the NAACP. She held this position from 1919 until 1926. During her tenure, she acted as a mentor to many famous authors. She is credited with discovering and fostering the careers of writers like Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen. In fact, Fauset was the first person to publish Hughes. She also helped manage The Brownies' Book, which was a magazine for children. Through these roles, she helped birth what some called "New Negro Literature."

As a literary editor, Fauset performed many complex duties. She did not just select stories; she actively encouraged writers to represent their community with dignity. She contributed her own work to the magazine as well. This included poems, short stories, and editorials. She also provided translations of writings from Black authors in Europe and Africa. Fauset even shared accounts of her own travels. In 1925 and 1926, she traveled to France and Algeria for six months. She wrote five essays about this journey, including one titled "Dark Algiers the White."

Fauset's personal life was defined by a deep commitment to education. She was born on April 27, 1882, in New Jersey. She attended the Philadelphia High School for Girls. She graduated as the valedictorian of her class. Although she hoped to attend Bryn Mawr College, the school's president would not accept Black students. Instead, M. Carey Thomas helped raise funds for Fauset to attend Cornell University. Fauset graduated from Cornell in 1905 with a degree in classical languages. She later earned a master's degree in French from the University of Pennsylvania in 1919.

Between 1924 and 1933, Fauset published four major novels. Her first, There is Confusion (1924), explored complex racial histories. It received praise from intellectuals like Alain Locke. Her second novel, Plum Bun (1928), focused on the theme of "passing." Passing occurs when a person with partial European ancestry uses their appearance to be seen as white. This was often done to gain social or economic advantages. Her third book, The Chinaberry Tree (1931), examined the desire for respectability within the middle class. Her final novel, Comedy, American Style (1933), looked at the destructive power of "color mania." This term refers to discrimination based on skin color within the Black community.

Fauset's work faced significant obstacles from the publishing industry. Some publishers rejected her manuscripts because they did not fit white expectations. One publisher famously stated that white readers did not expect Black characters to behave like her characters. Despite this, she remained a respected figure among literary intellectuals. Critics like Montgomery Gregory praised her for showing the "better elements" of African-American life. He noted that her work provided a contrast to stories that only showed Black people as servants or criminals. She proved that Black life contained a wide variety of experiences and social classes.

After leaving her editorial role in 1926, Fauset returned to teaching. She taught French at DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx. She continued to teach in New York City public schools until 1944. In 1929, she married an insurance broker named Herbert Harris. They eventually moved to Montclair, New Jersey. Fauset lived a quieter life later in her years. She died of heart disease on April 30, 1961. Her legacy lives on through the many writers she mentored and the realistic stories she brought to life.

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