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Iraq War

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The Iraq War was a long and difficult conflict. It took place in the country of Iraq from 2003 to 2011.

Iraq-War-Map
Iraq-War-Map

This war is also called the Second Gulf War. It began when a group of countries led by the United States invaded Iraq. Their main goal was to remove the leader, Saddam Hussein, from power.

Coat of arms (emblem) of Iraq 1991-2004
Coat of arms (emblem) of Iraq 1991-2004

This event changed the government and the lives of many people in the region. The war had a huge impact on how countries around the world work together.

The conflict started with a large military plan. On March 20, 2003, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Poland began the invasion.

USMarineTankinBaghdad
USMarineTankinBaghdad

They used a bombing campaign called "shock and awe" to start the fight. After the bombing, troops moved onto the ground to defeat the Iraqi military.

This process worked to topple the government of the Ba'athist regime. Eventually, the coalition forces took control of the country. This led to a new period of time called the US occupation.

Many years of planning led up to this invasion. After the September 11 attacks, the Bush administration began debating a war in Iraq.

Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart
Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart

The US government claimed that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. They also believed he was helping a group called al-Qaeda.

Colin Powell anthrax vial. 5 Feb 2003 at the UN
Colin Powell anthrax vial. 5 Feb 2003 at the UN

However, these claims were not true. The 9/11 Commission found no link to al-Qaeda. Also, inspectors found no stockpiles of those dangerous weapons.

WeaponsInspector
WeaponsInspector

This caused many people to criticize the decision to go to war.

Life in Iraq became very hard after the old government fell. The removal of Saddam Hussein created a power vacuum.

SaddamSpiderHole
SaddamSpiderHole

This means there was no clear leadership to keep order. Because of this, a civil war began between different religious groups. The Shia majority and the Sunni minority fought each other.

Iraq 2003 occupation
Iraq 2003 occupation

An insurgency, which is a rebellion against a government, also grew. Many people lost their lives during these years of fighting. Estimates say between 150,000 and over one million people died.

Things changed again as the years went on. In 2007, the US sent 170,000 more troops to help stabilize the land.

Bush surge announcement jan 2007
Bush surge announcement jan 2007

This helped some parts of the country become safer for a while. By 2011, the US officially finished its main work and withdrew combat troops.

Bremer signs Iraqi Sovereignty Transfer document, 2004 June 28
Bremer signs Iraqi Sovereignty Transfer document, 2004 June 28

However, new problems appeared in 2014. A group called the Islamic State rose up and started a new conflict.

Islamic State of Iraq
Islamic State of Iraq

This shows how one big event can lead to many other changes over time.

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🖼️ Images & Media (51)
File:U.S. Army Element, Multi-National Force Iraq Should Sleeve Insignia.jpg
U.S. Army Element, Multi-National Force...
File:Seal of United States Forces - Iraq.svg
Seal of United States Forces - Iraq.svg
File:Coat of arms (emblem) of Iraq 1991-2004.svg
Coat of arms (emblem) of Iraq 1991-2004.svg
File:Iraqi Republican Guard Symbol.svg
Iraqi Republican Guard Symbol.svg
File:Fedayeen Saddam SSI.svg
Fedayeen Saddam SSI.svg
File:Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart.jpg
Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart.jpg
File:WeaponsInspector.JPG
WeaponsInspector.JPG
File:Colin Powell anthrax vial. 5 Feb 2003 at the UN.jpg
Colin Powell anthrax vial. 5 Feb 2003 at...
File:London anti-war protest banners.jpg
London anti-war protest banners.jpg
File:Iraq-War-Map.png
Iraq-War-Map.png
File:U.S. Marines with Iraqi POWs - March 21, 2003.jpg
U.S. Marines with Iraqi POWs - March 21, 2003.jpg
File:USMarineTankinBaghdad.jpg
USMarineTankinBaghdad.jpg

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