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Home appliance

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A home appliance, also called a domestic or electric appliance, is a machine designed for specific household tasks. These devices assist with essential functions like cooking, cleaning, and food preservation. The term "appliance" refers to any instrument designed for a particular use. Because they are intended for domestic life, this category includes everything from large stoves to small consumer electronics.

Small appliance
Small appliance

By automating chores, these machines change how people manage their time and living spaces.

We can categorize these machines into several distinct groups based on their size and function. Major appliances are often called "white goods." This name stems from the fact that these items were typically painted or enameled white. Examples include refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, and clothes dryers.

Wascator
Wascator

Small appliances are smaller electrical machines that are easy to carry and install. Common kitchen examples include toasters, blenders, coffee makers, and food processors.

Finally, consumer electronics, or "brown goods," are used for entertainment and communication. This group includes televisions, computers, and video game consoles. The name "brown goods" comes from the tradition of finishing these items with wood.

Toaster, Universal, Model E947, c. 1915, Landers, Frary and Clark, New Britain, Connecticut, Wolfsonian-FIU Museum
Toaster, Universal, Model E947, c. 1915, Landers, Frary and Clark, New Britain, Connecticut, Wolfsonian-FIU Museum

The history of modern appliances is tied to a unique American innovation. In the early 20th century, self-contained electric and gas-powered machines began to emerge. This development happened as full-time domestic servants became less common. People wanted to reduce the time spent on chores to gain more leisure time. A significant early boost occurred in 1903 when Earl Richardson invented a small electric clothes iron. Early models included items like water heaters, kettles, and sewing machines.

銅鑼灣店小家電部
銅鑼灣店小家電部

Following World War II, the industry experienced a period of significant economic expansion. During this time, the use of dishwashers and clothes dryers became more common as people sought convenience. By the 1980s, the appliance industry in America was booming. The industry shipped $1.5 billion worth of goods annually and employed over 14,000 workers. Between 1982 and 1990, revenues actually doubled to reach $3.3 billion. This rapid growth led to many companies merging to reduce production costs. These mergers eventually led to the creation of antitrust legislation to manage competition.

As the industry grew, the government stepped in to manage energy use. The United States passed the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act in 1987. This law required manufacturers to reduce the energy consumption of appliances by 25% every five years. By the 1990s, the market had become highly consolidated. Only five companies controlled over 90% of the market. In 1991, the dishwasher market was split among specific leaders. General Electric held 40% of the market, followed by Whirlpool at 31%. Electrolux held 20%, Maytag held 7%, and Thermador held 2%.

Product design also evolved significantly over the decades. In the 1960s, designers moved away from the Streamline Moderne style. They began using new materials and advanced sheet metal fabrication. This allowed companies to offer different colors and fashionable accessories without increasing the cost of production. Today, we are seeing a new shift toward home automation. This involves networking appliances together through the internet. For example, a washing machine can communicate with a dryer to synchronize their finish times. This ensures that wet laundry does not sit waiting to be dried.

Even as appliances become more advanced, they eventually reach the end of their lives. A 2020 survey in the UK showed varying lifespans for different machines. For instance, a built-in oven can last an average of 29 years. In contrast, a dishwasher might only last 13 years before needing replacement. When these machines are no longer functional, they can be recycled. Appliance recycling involves dismantling the machines and recovering materials. This process includes removing hazardous components and shredding the equipment.

This helps recover materials for reuse in new products.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Toaster, Universal, Model E947, c. 1915, Landers, Frary and Clark, New Britain, Connecticut, Wolfsonian-FIU Museum.JPG
Toaster, Universal, Model E947, c. 1915,...
File:Wascator.jpg
Wascator.jpg
File:Small appliance.jpg
Small appliance.jpg
File:銅鑼灣店小家電部.jpg
銅鑼灣店小家電部.jpg
File:Low9AppliancePiles2 (1).jpg
Low9AppliancePiles2 (1).jpg
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