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Hermes

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Hermes was a very important god in ancient Greek religion.

Hermes (Mercury) at the Getty Villa (bronze copy of a Roman bronze)
Hermes (Mercury) at the Getty Villa (bronze copy of a Roman bronze)

He was known as the messenger for the other gods. Many people believed he was the son of Zeus and Maia. He had many different jobs to do for people. He protected travelers, merchants, and people who gave speeches. He was also a protector of thieves and a clever trickster.

Hermes-louvre3
Hermes-louvre3

Because he was a messenger, he had to move very quickly. He wore special winged sandals called talaria. These shoes helped him travel between the world of gods and the world of humans. He also acted as a psychopomp. This means he was a guide for souls. He helped lead souls into the afterlife.

Thanatos Painter ARV 1228 11 Charon receiving Hermes and a deceased woman (07)
Thanatos Painter ARV 1228 11 Charon receiving Hermes and a deceased woman (07)

Hermes had many special objects that helped people recognize him.

Statue Hermes Chiaramonti
Statue Hermes Chiaramonti

His most famous symbol was the caduceus. This is a staff with two snakes wrapped around it. It was said to have the power to make people sleep or wake up. He also wore a wide hat called a petasos. This hat helped people traveling in the sun. Sometimes his hat had small wings on it. He was also shown with a purse or a bag. Some stories say his cloak could even make him invisible. He even had a weapon called a harpe.

Hermes-louvre3
Hermes-louvre3

People have wondered about where the name Hermes came from for a long time.

Hermes Maia Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2304
Hermes Maia Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2304

Some scholars think the name comes from a Greek word for a stone heap. These stone piles were called herms. They were often used as markers on roads or at the edges of property. In the 6th century BC, a man named Hipparchus changed these stone piles in Athens. He replaced them with pillars topped with a bust of a bearded Hermes. These markers were placed at the edges of houses too. They were meant to protect the home and bring fertility.

Herma Hermes Getty Villa 79.AA.132
Herma Hermes Getty Villa 79.AA.132

Historians think Hermes might have started as a different kind of god.

Hermes crioforo
Hermes crioforo

Some believe he was originally a god of nature, farmers, and shepherds. There is a theory that he began as a form of the god Pan. Pan was a god of the wild and of boundaries. Later, Hermes took over the roles of being a messenger and a guide for travelers. This happened as the worship of Pan changed over time. Some people even thought he was a snake god from Mesopotamia. Others thought he was linked to the Egyptian god Thoth.

Hermes-louvre3
Hermes-louvre3

ways of showing Hermes in art changed as time went on.

Hermes Logios Altemps 33
Hermes Logios Altemps 33

In early Greek art, he was often shown as a mature man with a beard. He looked like a traveler or a shepherd. Later, in the Classical period, artists often drew him as a young, athletic man without a beard. He was sometimes called Logios when he was shown as a great speaker. In Roman mythology, he was known by the name Mercury. The name Mercury comes from a word for merchandise. This is why he became a god of trade and commerce.

Hermes (Mercury) at the Getty Villa (bronze copy of a Roman bronze)
Hermes (Mercury) at the Getty Villa (bronze copy of a Roman bronze)
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🖼️ Images & Media (22)
File:AGMA Tête d'Hermès.jpg
AGMA Tête d'Hermès.jpg
File:Hermes (Mercury) at the Getty Villa (bronze copy of a Roman bronze).jpg
Hermes (Mercury) at the Getty Villa...
File:Statue Hermes Chiaramonti.jpg
Statue Hermes Chiaramonti.jpg
File:Thanatos Painter ARV 1228 11 Charon receiving Hermes and a deceased woman (07).jpg
Thanatos Painter ARV 1228 11 Charon...
File:Herma Hermes Getty Villa 79.AA.132.jpg
Herma Hermes Getty Villa 79.AA.132.jpg
File:Hermes crioforo.jpg
Hermes crioforo.jpg
File:Achilles embassy Louvre G264 n3.jpg
Achilles embassy Louvre G264 n3.jpg
File:Hermes-louvre3.jpg
Hermes-louvre3.jpg
File:Casa dei vettii, vestibolo, oechus affrescato sul peristilio, issione legato alla ruota da vulcano alla presenza di giunone 02.jpg
Casa dei vettii, vestibolo, oechus...
File:Ancient Mieza, Macedonian tombs of Lefkadia, The Tomb of Jugdement 545fddcedb8f434cdb346f41dbd838ec.jpg
Ancient Mieza, Macedonian tombs of...
File:Marble relief with Hermes MET DT6551.jpg
Marble relief with Hermes MET DT6551.jpg
File:Man wearing Petasos Coinage of Kapsa Macedon circa 400 BCE.jpg
Man wearing Petasos Coinage of Kapsa...

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