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Harold Arlen

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Harold Arlen was a highly influential American composer of popular music. He wrote more than 500 songs during his long career. His work is considered a vital part of the Great American Songbook. This is a collection of many famous American songs. One of his most significant achievements was writing the music for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. His song "Over the Rainbow" won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The RIAA and the NEA even voted this song the number one song of the 20th century.

Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961
Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961

Arlen's musical journey began in Buffalo, New York. He was born Hyman Arluck in 1905 to a Jewish cantor. He began learning the piano while he was still a youth. By age 15, he had already formed a band called Hyman Arluck's Snappy Trio. He left home at age 16 to pursue music professionally. Within two years, he was performing on a lake boat called the "Canadiana." In 1924, he co-wrote his first song, "My Gal, My Pal," with Hyman Cheiffetz. He eventually moved to New York City in his early twenties. There, he worked as an accompanist in vaudeville and adopted the name Harold Arlen.

Songwriting often requires a partnership between a composer and a lyricist. A composer creates the melody and the music. A lyricist writes the words that go with that music. Arlen worked with many talented lyricists throughout his life. He had a productive partnership with Ted Koehler during the 1930s. Together, they wrote hits like "Stormy Weather" and "Let's Fall in Love." He also worked closely with E. Y. "Yip" Harburg. This team wrote many songs for Broadway and Hollywood. Their collaboration on The Wizard of Oz remains their most famous work.

Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961
Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961

Arlen's career spanned many different types of entertainment. He wrote music for shows at the Cotton Club in Harlem. This was a very popular nightclub during the 1930s. He also composed for various Broadway musicals and Hollywood films. In the 1940s, he teamed up with lyricist Johnny Mercer. This partnership produced famous songs like "Blues in the Night" and "That Old Black Magic." He also wrote "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive" with Mercer. Arlen's ability to write for different styles made him a versatile artist.

Arlen had a deep connection to several famous performers. He wrote two defining songs for the singer Judy Garland. These were "Over the Rainbow" and "The Man That Got Away." The latter was written for the 1954 film A Star Is Born. During her 1961 Carnegie Hall concert, Garland even honored him in front of the audience. Arlen also recorded his own debut album in 1966. The album was titled "Harold Sings Arlen (With Friend)." The famous singer Barbra Streisand even accompanied him on two of those songs.

Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961
Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961

Arlen's personal life included both joy and difficulty. He married Anya Taranda in 1937. Their marriage faced objections because he was Jewish and she was Gentile. In 1951, Anya was institutionalized for seven years. She later died from a brain tumor in 1970. Arlen never remarried after her death. He was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1979. He died of cancer in Manhattan in 1986 at age eighty-one.

Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961
Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961

After he passed away, other musicians honored his massive legacy. The famous songwriter Irving Berlin gave a tribute to him. Berlin stated that Arlen was a better songwriter than most people. He noted that Arlen would be missed by everyone in the industry. Arlen's nephew, Samuel Arlen, became a musician and music publisher. Samuel now controls the company that owns the Arlen catalog. This ensures that Harold Arlen's music continues to be shared with the world.

Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961
Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961
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