Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Hapkido

sports Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Hapkido is a comprehensive Korean martial art designed for self-defense.

Hkd-kobaekyong
Hkd-kobaekyong

The name carries a deep philosophical meaning through its three components. The syllable "hap" means to coordinate, merge, or combine. "Ki" refers to spirit or internal energy. Finally, "do" signifies a way or an art.

Hapkido
Hapkido

Together, these terms are often translated as "the way of coordinating energy" or "the way of harmony." This terminology reflects the core goal of the practitioner. Rather than relying on brute strength, students focus on control and balance.

To achieve this control, Hapkido utilizes a diverse range of combat techniques.

Hkd-kby-kick
Hkd-kby-kick

At long ranges, practitioners use percussive hand strikes and jumping kicks. As the distance closes, the art shifts to more intimate methods. These include joint locks, throws, and pressure point strikes.

hyperflexingwristlocksmall
hyperflexingwristlocksmall

Practitioners also study the use of various traditional weapons. These include the knife, sword, and rope. They may also use the nunchaku, or ssang juhl bong.

Nunchaku
Nunchaku

Other weapons include the cane, short stick, and middle-length staff. Even the use of a gun is taught in some traditions.

The mechanical foundation of Hapkido relies on physics rather than raw power. Students are taught to use circular motion and the redirection of force. By utilizing specific footwork and body positioning, a practitioner gains leverage. This allows them to overcome an opponent by using the opponent's own energy. Instead of meeting strength with strength, the student redirects the incoming force. This principle of redirection is central to the effectiveness of their joint locks and throws.

Armlock juji-gatame armbar
Armlock juji-gatame armbar

The history of modern Hapkido is tied to the life of Choi Yong-sool.

Choi Yong-sool portrait 888
Choi Yong-sool portrait 888

Choi lived in Japan for 30 years before returning to Korea after World War II. During his time in Japan, he studied Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu. This Japanese system was a forerunner to the modern art of Aikido. Some accounts suggest Choi was adopted by the master Takeda Sōkaku.

Takeda Sokaku
Takeda Sokaku

Choi claimed to have trained at Takeda's home and dojo on Shin Shu mountain. While some records are debated, the art's technical origins are clearly linked to this lineage. Upon returning to Korea, Choi began sharing these specialized techniques.

As the art grew, it integrated many different Korean and Japanese influences.

Ji Han Jae et Choi Young Sool
Ji Han Jae et Choi Young Sool

Choi's disciples combined his original teachings with indigenous Korean arts. They added kicking and striking techniques from Taekkyon and Tang Soo Do. They also incorporated ground fighting and throwing techniques from Japanese Judo.

This hybridization created a unique system that was distinct from its ancestors. One of the earliest students was Seo Bok-seob, a Korean judo black belt. Seo helped establish the first proper dojang, known as the Daehan Hapki Yukwonsool Dojang, in 1951.

Several prominent masters helped expand the reach of Hapkido globally.

Dr. Chang In Mok
Dr. Chang In Mok

Dr. Chang In-mok was a notable figure who integrated oriental medicine into the art. He taught students about acupuncture and the use of pressure points. Another influential leader was Han-young Choi, who was born in 1935. He immigrated to El Paso, Texas, in 1972.

Han-young Choi 1980
Han-young Choi 1980

Han-young Choi founded the Chun Ki Do Hapkido system. He is credited with training over 50,000 students across Asia, Europe, and America. His methodical approach included the use of 15 specific hand levers to teach techniques.

Today, Hapkido exists as a distinct discipline with its own unique characteristics. Although it shares technical ancestry with Japanese Aikido, the two have become separate. They differ significantly in their philosophies and their ranges of response. This distinction sometimes makes international promotion complex due to shared Chinese characters. However, the art remains a vital part of Korean culture. It continues to connect various combat systems into a single, harmonious way of movement.

609 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Hkd-kobaekyong.jpg
Hkd-kobaekyong.jpg
File:Hapkido.svg
Hapkido.svg
File:Choi Yong-sool portrait 888.jpg
Choi Yong-sool portrait 888.jpg
File:Takeda Sokaku.jpg
Takeda Sokaku.jpg
File:Dr. Chang In Mok.png
Dr. Chang In Mok.png
File:Han-young Choi 1980.jpg
Han-young Choi 1980.jpg
File:Ji Han Jae et Choi Young Sool.jpg
Ji Han Jae et Choi Young Sool.jpg
File:Hkd-kby-kick.jpg
Hkd-kby-kick.jpg
File:Stevesexton flying sidekick.gif
Stevesexton flying sidekick.gif
File:hyperflexingwristlocksmall.JPG
hyperflexingwristlocksmall.JPG
File:Armlock juji-gatame armbar.jpg
Armlock juji-gatame armbar.jpg
File:Hapkido1.jpg
Hapkido1.jpg

+ 3 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.