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Handball

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Handball is a high-speed team sport played with a ball and hands.

Two teams compete to score goals by throwing the ball into the opponent's net. Each team consists of seven players on the court. This includes six court players and one specialized goalkeeper.

Handball field en
Handball field en

The game is famous for being high-scoring and very fast. Professional teams often score between 20 and 35 goals in a single match. It is a sport that combines physical strength with quick tactical thinking.

To play the game, athletes must follow strict rules regarding ball handling. Players cannot touch the ball with their feet. The goalkeeper is the only person allowed to use their feet, but only within the goal area.

Handball the ball
Handball the ball

When a player has the ball, they must dribble it like in basketball. Alternatively, they can take up to three steps or hold the ball for three seconds. This keeps the game moving quickly without long pauses. If a player violates these rules, the opposing team gains possession.

A critical part of the court is the crease, also known as the zone. This is a near-semicircular area located six metres from the goal.

Kr-Oe-Siebenmeter
Kr-Oe-Siebenmeter

Only the defending goalkeeper is allowed to stand inside this zone. Attacking players can only enter this area if they are jumping. They must release the ball before their feet touch the ground inside the zone. If a defender enters the zone to gain an advantage, it is a penalty. This rule protects the goalkeeper and creates unique scoring opportunities.

The game is played on a rectangular court with goals at each end. Each goal is two metres high and three metres wide.

Handball field en
Handball field en

The goal posts and crossbars must be made of the same material, such as wood or aluminium. These beams have a quadratic cross section with sides of 8 centimetres. The visible sides of the beams are painted in alternating, contrasting colors. This helps players see the goal clearly during fast play. Each goal must also have a net to catch the ball.

Handball has very deep roots in human history. Ancient Greek art, such as images on amphorae, shows youths playing versions of ball games.

Handball pick-a-back Ancient Greece
Handball pick-a-back Ancient Greece

There is also evidence of Roman women playing a version called femina. In the Middle Ages, similar games were played in France and by the Inuit in Greenland. By the 19th century, many regional versions existed, such as torball in Germany and házená in the Czech Republic. These various traditions eventually merged into the modern sport.

The modern era of handball began in northern Europe. The first written rules for team handball were published in 1906 by Holger Nielsen. However, the official "date of birth" for the sport is 29 October 1917. On this day in Berlin, Karl Schelenz, Max Heiser, and Erich Konigh published the modern rule set.

Yellow card handball
Yellow card handball

The first official match took place in Berlin on 2 December 1917. Karl Schelenz later modified these rules in 1919 to further refine the game.

Handball has grown into a massive international competition. Men's handball was part of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, played outdoors. It returned to the Olympics as an indoor sport in 1972 in Munich. Women's handball was added to the Olympic program in 1976.

Mara Friton Handball
Mara Friton Handball

The International Handball Federation (IHF) was formed in 1946. By 2009, the IHF had 166 member federations. This organization oversees a massive community of approximately 19 million players and 795,000 teams.

While the sport is most popular in Europe, it is a global phenomenon. European countries have won almost every medal in the men's world championships since 1938. However, other nations have found great success too. In the women's world championships, South Korea and Brazil are the only non-European countries to win the title. The sport also enjoys significant popularity in East Asia, North Africa, and parts of South America.

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File:Handball pick-a-back Ancient Greece.jpg
Handball pick-a-back Ancient Greece.jpg
File:Handball field en.svg
Handball field en.svg
File:Rukometno igralište kod Macanovog doma, Čakovec.2.jpg
Rukometno igralište kod Macanovog doma,...
File:Team Time Out Handball.jpg
Team Time Out Handball.jpg
File:Kronau-Oestringen.jpg
Kronau-Oestringen.jpg
File:Handball the ball.jpg
Handball the ball.jpg
File:Kr-Oe-Siebenmeter.jpg
Kr-Oe-Siebenmeter.jpg
File:Yellow card handball.jpg
Yellow card handball.jpg
File:5-1-Deckung.svg
5-1-Deckung.svg
File:6-0-Deckung.svg
6-0-Deckung.svg
File:Mara Friton Handball.jpg
Mara Friton Handball.jpg

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