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Handan

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Handan is a major prefecture-level city in China. It is located in the southwest of Hebei province. The city sits near several other important regions. It borders Xingtai to the north. To the west lies Shanxi province. To the south is Henan province. To the east is Shandong province.

Handan Zhanguo
Handan Zhanguo

As of late 2024, the total resident population is 9,182,100. This is a very large number of people. In 2010, the census recorded 9,174,683 inhabitants. About 2,845,790 of those people lived in the urban districts. The urbanization rate is 62.10 percent. Currently, the Yongnian District and Shahe City have grown into a single conurbation. A conurbation is a region where cities merge together.

The name Handan has lasted for over 3,000 years. It first appeared in the Bamboo Annals during the reign of King Zhou of Shang. One theory explains the etymology through a nearby mountain. In this view, "Han" refers to Mount Han. The word "Dan" meant the terminus or end of a mountain. This would mean "the city at the terminus of Mount Han." However, new evidence changed this idea. In 1965, jade writings were discovered in Houma, Shanxi. These writings showed "Dan" was spelled to mean red. This suggests the name refers to the reddish-purple color of Mount Han.

Handan is one of the oldest settled places in China. The Cishan culture first settled the area around 6500 BC. The city has served many important roles throughout history. It was the capital of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period. Marquess Jing of Zhao moved the capital there in 386 BCE. It remained the capital for 158 years. The Qin state eventually conquered the city in 228 BCE. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, was actually born in Handan. His father had been a political hostage there. His mother, Queen Dowager Zhao, was a native of the city.

During the Han dynasty, Handan was a massive center of industry. It was one of the five major cities in the country. The urban area covered 13.6 square kilometers. Over 150,000 people lived there during the late Western Han. The city was famous for commerce and iron smelting. It was also known for its highly developed handicrafts. Later, the city saw periods of decline and change. During the Song dynasty, Daming Prefecture became an auxiliary capital. At its peak, the population exceeded one million people. Trade was so busy that merchants came from the Western Regions.

Handan has also been a place of great cultural invention. It is the home of Tai chi. Specifically, it is the birthplace of Yang-style tai chi. This is one of the five major schools of the art. The city is also where the first compass was created. Makers used stones collected from nearby Mount Ci. This mountain is also known as magnet mountain. Additionally, the region was famous for fine Cizhou ware pottery. These facts show how much the area contributed to Chinese culture.

Many famous Chinese idioms come from Handan. One story involves the Xuebu Bridge.

A noble man tried to learn an elegant way of walking. He practiced so intensely on the bridge that he forgot how to walk normally. This inspired the phrase "to learn the walk of Handan." This idiom describes someone who forgets basics by focusing too hard on one thing.

Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-13
Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-13

Today, Handan remains a significant part of Hebei province. It has grown through many mergers with nearby areas. Fengfeng City merged into Handan in 1956. Handan County was incorporated in 1983. Wu'an was annexed in 1986. The city connects ancient history with modern life. You can visit Congtai Park at the site of the old Zhao court. These layers of history make Handan a unique place to study.

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File:Handan Zhanguo.svg
Handan Zhanguo.svg
File:Ancient stone bridges of Xue Bu.jpg
Ancient stone bridges of Xue Bu.jpg
File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-13.jpg
Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-13.jpg
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