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Hamas

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Hamas is a Sunni Islamist Palestinian nationalist political organization.

25th anniversary of Hamas (08) (cropped)
25th anniversary of Hamas (08) (cropped)

The name is an acronym for the Islamic Resistance Movement. It includes a military wing known as the al-Qassam Brigades.

2013 Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades exercise (8)
2013 Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades exercise (8)

Since 2007, Hamas has governed the Gaza Strip. This territory is part of the broader Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The group promotes Palestinian nationalism through an Islamic context. It operates as both a political body and a military force.

The movement grew from an Islamic charity called Mujama al-Islamiya. This charity was affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood. In 1987, the scholar Ahmed Yassin founded Hamas. This happened during the First Intifada, a period of unrest. Initially, Israel provided discreet support to the group. They wanted to balance the secular Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). This was intended to prevent the creation of an independent Palestinian state. Hamas eventually became a powerful political factor that challenged the PLO's influence.

Hamas rose to political power through elections and conflict. In the January 2006 Palestinian legislative election, Hamas won a majority. They campaigned on promises of a corruption-free government. They also advocated for resistance to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation. Following the election, clashes occurred between Hamas and the rival Fatah faction. In the 2007 Battle of Gaza, Hamas seized full control of the Gaza Strip. Since then, Hamas has governed Gaza separately from the Palestinian National Authority.

Hamasleadership
Hamasleadership

Political goals and official documents of Hamas have evolved. The 1988 Hamas charter was described as antisemitic. However, a new charter was released in 2017. This document removed antisemitic language and targeted Zionists instead of Jews. The 2017 charter supported a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders. It did not, however, recognize the state of Israel. Hamas has also discussed a "hudna," or long-term truce. This would be a cessation of hostilities based on the 1967 borders. Some officials say a long-term ceasefire and a two-state settlement are the same thing.

The relationship between Hamas and Israel involves frequent military conflict. After taking control of Gaza in 2007, Israel and Egypt imposed a blockade. This blockade restricted movement and trade in the territory. Hamas and Israel have fought several wars. These include conflicts in 2008–09, 2012, 2014, and 2021. On October 7, 2023, Hamas and other militants attacked Israel. This attack killed nearly 1,200 Israelis, about two-thirds of whom were civilians.

Nova massacre dashcam
Nova massacre dashcam

Hamas also took approximately 250 hostages into the Gaza Strip.

In response to the 2023 attacks, Israel invaded the Gaza Strip. This led to massive loss of life and destruction. A study in The Lancet reported that over 70,000 Palestinians were killed. This number included 59.1% women, children, and the elderly.

An aerial view showing destruction in Rafah after Israeli forces withdrawal and as the ceasefire took hold, Gaza Strip
An aerial view showing destruction in Rafah after Israeli forces withdrawal and as the ceasefire took hold, Gaza Strip

Many areas of Gaza were destroyed by military action.

Weapons Found in Shuja'iya, Gaza (14552909800)
Weapons Found in Shuja'iya, Gaza (14552909800)

The leadership of Hamas has also faced significant changes during this time. Many high-ranking members have been killed in military operations.

Leadership transitions have been frequent during recent years. Ismail Haniyeh was a prominent leader who was assassinated in Tehran in July 2024. Yahya Sinwar became the chairman in August 2024. He was later killed by Israeli troops in October 2024. Following his death, reports suggested Mohammed Sinwar led the group. However, unconfirmed reports in May 2025 stated he was also killed. The group's military and political structures have been heavily impacted by these losses.

Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh meeting Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei
Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh meeting Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei

Global views on Hamas are deeply divided. Many nations have designated Hamas as a terrorist organization. These include the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Japan. The European Union also holds this designation.

International views on Hamas
International views on Hamas

However, at the United Nations, motions to condemn Hamas as a terrorist organization have failed to meet the required two-thirds threshold. Hamas maintains foreign relations with countries like Egypt, Iran, Qatar, and Turkey. These relationships help shape the group's role in Middle Eastern politics.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:October 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict (7– 8 October).svg
October 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict (7– 8...
File:An aerial view showing destruction in Rafah after Israeli forces withdrawal and as the ceasefire took hold, Gaza Strip.jpg
An aerial view showing destruction in...
File:Hamasleadership.png
Hamasleadership.png
File:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Weapons Found in a Mosque During Cast Lead (2).jpg
Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Weapons...
File:2013 Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades exercise (8).jpg
2013 Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades...
File:25th anniversary of Hamas (08) (cropped).jpg
25th anniversary of Hamas (08) (cropped).jpg
File:HAMAS suicide bombing in Jerusalem on 25 February (DoS Publication 10321).png
HAMAS suicide bombing in Jerusalem on 25...
File:Nova_massacre_dashcam.jpg
Nova_massacre_dashcam.jpg
File:Weapons Found in Shuja'iya, Gaza (14552909800).jpg
Weapons Found in Shuja'iya, Gaza (14552909800).jpg
File:Pro Hamas Rally in Damascus.jpg
Pro Hamas Rally in Damascus.jpg
File:Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh meeting Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.jpg
Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh meeting...
File:International views on Hamas.svg
International views on Hamas.svg

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