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Gurkha

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The Gurkhas, also known as Gorkhalis, are highly skilled soldiers from South Asia. They are primarily from Nepal and parts of North India.

Khukri-knife
Khukri-knife

Today, they serve in several major military organizations. These include the Nepali Army, which has 96,000 soldiers, and the Indian Army, with 42,000. They also serve in the British Army, the Singapore Police Force, and the Royal Brunei Armed Forces. Many Gurkhas also serve as UN peacekeeping forces in global war zones. To become a Gurkha, a citizen must pass a rigorous selection and training process. They are famous for their military prowess and their connection to the khukuri, a forward-curving knife.

The history of the Gurkhas is tied to the Gorkha Kingdom. This was a hill principality that expanded into the Kingdom of Nepal. Prithvi Narayan Shah was the last ruler of Gorkha and the first monarch of Nepal.

Prithvi Narayan Shah with Senapati Shivaram Singh Basnyat
Prithvi Narayan Shah with Senapati Shivaram Singh Basnyat

The name "Gurkha" may come from the medieval Hindu warrior-saint Guru Gorakhnath. Another theory suggests it comes from the words "Go-Raksha," meaning "protector of cows."

Eight Gurkha men depicted in a British Indian painting, 1815
Eight Gurkha men depicted in a British Indian painting, 1815

These origins established the Gorkhalis as a distinct and respected group of people.

A major turning point occurred during the Anglo-Nepalese War from 1814 to 1816. This conflict arose from border disputes and expansionism between the Gorkha Kingdom and the British East India Company. The war ended with the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816. During the fighting, British officials like David Ochterlony and William Fraser noticed the soldiers' skill. Fraser even proposed forming a specific battalion called the Nasiri Regiment.

The Nusseree Battalion
The Nusseree Battalion

By 1815, about 5,000 men had entered British service, forming the backbone of British Indian forces.

In the mid-1800s, Gurkhas played a significant role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The 8th Sirmoor Local Battalion fought at the Siege of Delhi. During this four-month siege, they defended Hindu Rao's house.

1857 hindu raos house2
1857 hindu raos house2

The battalion suffered heavy losses, with 327 men lost out of 490. Because of their service, the regiment was renamed the Sirmoor Rifle Regiment in 1858. In 1863, Queen Victoria presented them with the Queen's Truncheon. This era saw the Gurkhas fighting in various locations, including Burma, Afghanistan, and China.

During World War I, the Gurkhas were a massive part of the British military effort. More than 200,000 Gurkhas served in the British Army between 1914 and 1918. They fought on many fronts, including France, Belgium, Turkey, and Iraq.

Gurkhas NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896
Gurkhas NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896

They faced intense combat at places like the Battle of Loos and the Gallipoli Campaign. At Gallipoli, the 1st/6th Gurkhas captured a high point now called "Gurkha Bluff." During this Great War, they suffered approximately 20,000 casualties and earned nearly 2,000 gallantry awards.

World War II saw an even larger expansion of Gurkha service. The Nepalese government offered to increase recruitment to help the British. This allowed the number of battalions to rise to 43. A total of 250,280 Gurkhas served in 40 battalions and various other specialized units.

Ghurkas in action with a 6-pdr anti-tank gun in Tunisia, 16 March 1943. NA1103
Ghurkas in action with a 6-pdr anti-tank gun in Tunisia, 16 March 1943. NA1103

They fought in diverse environments, from the deserts of North Africa and Italy to the jungles of Burma and Singapore. Their bravery was recognized with 2,734 awards, though they suffered around 32,000 casualties.

The Gurkhas remain a vital part of modern international security. They are recognized for their discipline and unique fighting traditions. Their presence in the Singapore Police Force and UN peacekeeping missions shows their global importance. They are not considered mercenaries under the Geneva Conventions. Instead, they are exempt from certain rules applied to mercenaries. This status reflects their long history as professional soldiers serving established national armies.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:Nepali soldiers Le Bon 1885.jpg
Nepali soldiers Le Bon 1885.jpg
File:Gurkha Soldier Monument, London - April 2008.jpg
Gurkha Soldier Monument, London - April 2008.jpg
File:Khukri-knife.jpg
Khukri-knife.jpg
File:Kalu Pande.jpg
Kalu Pande.jpg
File:Prithvi Narayan Shah with Senapati Shivaram Singh Basnyat.jpg
Prithvi Narayan Shah with Senapati...
File:Eight Gurkha men depicted in a British Indian painting, 1815.jpg
Eight Gurkha men depicted in a British...
File:The Nusseree Battalion.JPG
The Nusseree Battalion.JPG
File:1857 hindu raos house2.jpg
1857 hindu raos house2.jpg
File:Gurkhas NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg
Gurkhas NavyAndArmyIllustrated1896.jpg
File:5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG
5thRoyalGurkhaRiflesNorth-WestFrontier1923.JPG
File:Ghurkas in action with a 6-pdr anti-tank gun in Tunisia, 16 March 1943. NA1103.jpg
Ghurkas in action with a 6-pdr anti-tank...
File:5th Gurkha Rifles, Japan 1946.jpg
5th Gurkha Rifles, Japan 1946.jpg

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