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Gulf Cooperation Council

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The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf is a regional union. It is often called the Gulf Cooperation Council or GCC. This organization is a political, economic, and military alliance. It includes six member states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The group works to increase cooperation among these neighbors. Its main headquarters is located in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia.

Secretary Blinken Meets with Foreign Ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council Member States - 53689212351
Secretary Blinken Meets with Foreign Ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council Member States - 53689212351

The GCC operates through several specialized bodies. The Supreme Council is the highest decision-making entity. It consists of the heads of state from each member country. Each state has one vote in this council. For important issues, the council requires a unanimous vote. For procedural matters, a simple majority is enough. Below this is the Ministerial Council. It is made up of the Foreign Ministers from each state. They meet every three months to formulate policies. They also make recommendations to the Supreme Council.

Abdullah Yaccoub Bishara, Kuwait UN Ambassador United Nations, New York (cropped)
Abdullah Yaccoub Bishara, Kuwait UN Ambassador United Nations, New York (cropped)

The executive arm of the organization is the Secretariat General. It implements the decisions approved by the higher councils. The Secretariat also conducts studies on planning and coordination. The current Secretary-General is Nayef Falah Mubarak Al Hajraf. There is also a Monetary Council. This body oversees the creation of a single currency. It manages the technical steps needed for monetary union. The member states are all monarchies. These include constitutional, absolute, and federal monarchies.

Nayef Falah Mubarak Al Hajraf (cropped)
Nayef Falah Mubarak Al Hajraf (cropped)

The GCC has a long history of cooperation. Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah of Kuwait was a key figure. He worked with Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan of the UAE. They helped lay the groundwork for the union. The Charter of the GCC was signed on May 25, 1981. The signing took place in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The six founding members remain the only current members. In 1984, the group formed the Peninsula Shield Force. This serves as the military arm of the GCC.

Economic integration is a major goal for the GCC. The group established a customs union in 2003. A common market was launched on January 1, 2008. This market was further integrated in January 2015. It allows citizens to work in both government and private sectors. It also provides access to education and health services. The member states have very fast-growing economies. This growth comes from oil and natural gas revenues. The UAE's investment arms hold over $900 billion in assets. Other regional funds also manage several hundred billion dollars.

President Joe Biden stands with leaders of the GCC countries, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan
President Joe Biden stands with leaders of the GCC countries, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan

The member states have pursued a monetary union. This would involve a single common currency. A name proposed for this currency is the Khaleeji. If completed, it would be a massive economic force. It would be the second-largest supranational monetary union in the world. This ranking is based on the GDP of the area. It would follow the Eurozone in size. In 2014, four members moved forward with this plan. These members were Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. However, the UAE and Oman withdrew from the project in 2009.

Secretary Blinken Meets with Foreign Ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council Member States - 53689212351
Secretary Blinken Meets with Foreign Ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council Member States - 53689212351

Infrastructure projects help connect the six nations. The GCC Interconnection Grid connects their power grids. All six members were connected to this grid by 2013. The group is also investing in a massive railway system. This project is expected to cost over $200 billion. It will link the member states through a regional transport corridor. This will help increase trade and reduce fuel use. Significant progress has been made on rails in the UAE and Saudi Arabia.

Rail transport map of Saudi Arabia
Rail transport map of Saudi Arabia

The GCC also engages in international trade and diplomacy. It has free trade agreements with several entities. One agreement is with the European Free Trade Association. Another is with Singapore. The council also manages many business transactions. Since 1999, over 5,200 transactions were announced. These had a known value of $573 billion. The GCC states are also major hosts for global events. Qatar hosted the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Doha also hosted the 2006 Asian Games.

President Joe Biden stands with leaders of the GCC countries, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan
President Joe Biden stands with leaders of the GCC countries, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan
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Nayef Falah Mubarak Al Hajraf (cropped).jpg
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File:President Joe Biden stands with leaders of the GCC countries, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan.jpg
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