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Grocery store

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A grocery store is a retail business that sells a wide range of food products.

These items can be fresh, like fruits and meats, or packaged, like canned goods. Grocery stores are essential to modern life because they provide the staples people need to eat. The term itself varies depending on where you live. In the United States, people often use "grocery store" as a synonym for a supermarket. In the United Kingdom, people usually say "supermarket" or "corner shop."

R-kioski Vimpeli 2016
R-kioski Vimpeli 2016

The way we define these businesses often depends on how much they sell and what they stock.

Different types of stores serve different needs through specific shopping formats. Traditional supermarkets are large stores that offer a full line of groceries, meat, and produce. They often have annual sales of at least US$2 million. These stores might carry between 15,000 and 60,000 SKUs, which are unique items in their inventory. They may also include specialized sections like a pharmacy or a bakery.

Grocery Store display-1967-14
Grocery Store display-1967-14

In contrast, limited-assortment stores like Aldi or Lidl offer fewer than 2,000 items. These stores focus on providing low prices by keeping their selection small.

Some stores are designed for speed or specific lifestyles. Convenience stores are small shops that stock everyday items like snacks, candy, and toiletries.

R-kioski Vimpeli 2016
R-kioski Vimpeli 2016

Fresh format stores, such as Whole Foods, emphasize perishables like organic and ethnic foods. There are also massive supercenters, which are hybrids of supermarkets and mass merchandisers. These stores can be larger than 170,000 square feet. They might devote up to 40% of their space to grocery items while selling clothing and electronics too.

Grocery Store display-1967-14
Grocery Store display-1967-14

In many parts of the world, small-scale shopping is still the primary way people buy food. In India, the food and grocery market is worth 810 billion dollars. Remarkably, 90% of those sales happen at 12 million small grocery stores called kirana.

Ashrafiya, Amman, Jordan
Ashrafiya, Amman, Jordan

Similarly, in Mexico, people often use tiendas de la esquina, or corner stores. These small shops are often family-run, sometimes called "mom-and-pop" stores. They provide essential goods to their local neighborhoods in a way that large chains cannot always replicate.

History shows that the grocery business has changed significantly over many centuries. As early as the 14th century, a grocer was a dealer in dry goods. These included spices, peppers, sugar, tea, and coffee. The word "grocer" comes from the French word "grossier," meaning a wholesaler. This is linked to the Medieval Latin term "grossarius." This term is also the root of the word "gross," which refers to a quantity of 144 items.

Gerard Dou - The Grocer's Shop - WGA06636
Gerard Dou - The Grocer's Shop - WGA06636

Between the late 1600s and the 1850s, the word "grocery" actually referred to a place where people went to drink.

One of the biggest shifts in shopping history occurred in 1916. Before this time, stores operated "over the counter." This meant customers had to ask a clerk to find and retrieve items from the inventory.

Piggly Wiggly 1918
Piggly Wiggly 1918

Clarence Saunders changed this by opening Piggly Wiggly in Memphis, Tennessee. This was the first self-service grocery store. It allowed customers to walk through the aisles and pick their own items. This innovation allowed stores to use fewer clerks to serve more people. It made the retail process much more automatic and efficient.

Today, the grocery industry faces many new challenges and connections. The rise of e-commerce allows people to order food via the internet.

FreshDirect truck with Common Pantry Seal
FreshDirect truck with Common Pantry Seal

These orders can be delivered directly to a home by specialized trucks. At the same time, very large "all-in-one" hypermarkets have caused many traditional stores to struggle. This period of intense competition and change is sometimes called the "retail apocalypse" of the 2010s. Despite these shifts, the fundamental goal remains the same: connecting people to the food they need.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Gerard Dou - The Grocer's Shop - WGA06636.jpg
Gerard Dou - The Grocer's Shop - WGA06636.jpg
File:Epicerie moderne.jpg
Epicerie moderne.jpg
File:Piggly Wiggly 1918.jpg
Piggly Wiggly 1918.jpg
File:Old grocery shop (38797097655).jpg
Old grocery shop (38797097655).jpg
File:Ashrafiya, Amman, Jordan.jpg
Ashrafiya, Amman, Jordan.jpg
File:R-kioski Vimpeli 2016.jpg
R-kioski Vimpeli 2016.jpg
File:Mosgiel Knox's Milk Bar.JPG
Mosgiel Knox's Milk Bar.JPG
File:FreshDirect truck with Common Pantry Seal.jpg
FreshDirect truck with Common Pantry Seal.jpg
File:Grocery Store display-1967-14.jpg
Grocery Store display-1967-14.jpg
File:Treasure trove of wasted food.JPG
Treasure trove of wasted food.JPG
File:Food waste in a blue waste container.jpg
Food waste in a blue waste container.jpg
File:Protest against food waste, Berlin, Germany.jpg
Protest against food waste, Berlin, Germany.jpg
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