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Green politics

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Green politics, also known as ecopolitics, is a political ideology focused on creating an ecologically sustainable society. It is often rooted in environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice, and grassroots democracy. While it is closely tied to protecting the natural world, it also addresses civil liberties and social progressivism. Many supporters view it as a complete worldview rather than just a set of political policies. The movement seeks to balance human needs with the health of the planet's ecosystems.

Sunflower10094
Sunflower10094

The core of green politics involves specific guiding principles that direct how society should function. Many parties follow the "Four Pillars," which were identified by the German Green Party in 1979. These pillars are ecological wisdom, social justice, grassroots democracy, and nonviolence. In the United States, these were later expanded into the "Ten Key Values" in 1984. These additional values include decentralization, community-based economics, and a focus on the future. The Global Greens movement also uses six guiding principles, including sustainability and respect for diversity.

4pilarsgreens
4pilarsgreens

Green economics is a major component of this ideology. It emphasizes that the health of the biosphere is essential for human well-being. Most Greens are skeptical of conventional capitalism because it often prioritizes economic growth over ecological health. They describe certain types of expansion as "uneconomic growth," where material gains actually lower the overall quality of life. Instead, they advocate for "prosperity without growth" to ensure the present generation does not borrow from the future. This includes opposing "dirty subsidies," which are government funds given to companies that pollute or waste resources.

6pilarsgreens
6pilarsgreens

History shows that concerns about the environment are very old. Social commentators in ancient Rome and China expressed worries about air, water, and noise pollution. During the Enlightenment, thinkers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau in France influenced environmental thought. In America, the naturalist Henry David Thoreau also provided philosophical roots for the movement. Organized environmentalism grew in the late 19th century as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution. This era saw the rise of conservation movements, such as the Sierra Club, which was founded in San Francisco in 1892.

Susan George (political scientist) - Kirchentag Cologne 2007
Susan George (political scientist) - Kirchentag Cologne 2007

Modern green political parties began to emerge more clearly in the 1970s. The United Tasmania Group in Australia was the first party created specifically for environmental issues in March 1972. They formed to fight deforestation and the damming of Lake Pedder. In May 1972, the Values Party was launched in New Zealand as the first countrywide green party. Later that year, the UK saw the birth of PEOPLE, Europe's first green party. The German Green Party, or die Grünen, gained massive attention in the 1980s. One of its founders, Petra Kelly, coined the term "Green" after seeing environmental actions in Australia.

Green politics has achieved significant electoral success and leadership roles globally. In 1995, Finland's Green League became the first European Green Party to join a state-level Cabinet. In 2004, Indulis Emsis of Latvia became the first green politician to lead a country as Prime Minister. His colleague, Raimonds Vējonis, later became the world's first green head of state when he was elected President of Latvia. In 2016, Alexander Van der Bellen won the Austrian presidency. He was the second green head of state and the first to be directly elected by a popular vote, winning with 53.8% of the votes in the second round.

Bob Brown at 2008 climate change rally DSC 6368
Bob Brown at 2008 climate change rally DSC 6368

Today, green politics connects to many different academic and social fields. The term "political ecology" is used in universities to study how politics and ecology interact. This interdisciplinary field looks at issues like environmental conflict, conservation, and social movements. Green politics also intersects with other ideologies like ecofeminism, eco-socialism, and green anarchism. While there is debate about how these relate, they all share a focus on the connection between people and the Earth. This makes green politics a complex and wide-reaching part of modern global society.

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File:Values Party canvassing at Nambassa 1979 & 1981, New Zealand 1.jpg
Values Party canvassing at Nambassa 1979...
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4pilarsgreens.png
File:6pilarsgreens.png
6pilarsgreens.png
File:Susan George (political scientist) - Kirchentag Cologne 2007.jpg
Susan George (political scientist) -...
File:Saskia Sassen 2012.jpg
Saskia Sassen 2012.jpg
File:Anti-Nuclear Power Plant Rally on 19 September 2011 at Meiji Shrine Outer Garden 03.JPG
Anti-Nuclear Power Plant Rally on 19...
File:Ashok Khosla, 2014 (cropped).jpg
Ashok Khosla, 2014 (cropped).jpg
File:Green bloc at the Copenhagen climate demo FYEG (4186296292).jpg
Green bloc at the Copenhagen climate demo...
Video Vandana Shiva 2014.webm
File:Bob Brown at 2008 climate change rally DSC 6368.JPG
Bob Brown at 2008 climate change rally...
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