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Grape juice

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Grape juice is a sweet liquid produced by crushing and blending grapes. It is a versatile product used as a sweetener or for fermentation into wine, brandy, or vinegar. In the wine industry, juice that still contains 7% to 23% of pulp, skins, seeds, and stems is called must.

Glass of grape juice
Glass of grape juice

Most commercial juice is made from American cultivars of the species Vitis labrusca. The purple Concord grape is the most common variety used in North America. This grape is chosen for its durability and its unique "foxy" flavor. White grape juice is often made from Niagara grapes, which are also native to America. These American species are different from the European grapes used for wine.

The production process begins with a mechanical harvest in the Northern Hemisphere around mid-September.

Concord Grapes on vines
Concord Grapes on vines

Harvesting machines collect the fruit into bulk boxes. These boxes are moved by tractors or trucks to a processing facility within four to six hours. Once at the facility, a rotating perforated drum removes leaves and stems. The remaining grapes pass through the holes of the drum after being crushed. This ensures that only the fruit proceeds to the next stage of production.

To extract the liquid effectively, the crushed grapes undergo several technical steps. First, the grapes move through a shell and tube heat exchanger to be heated. During this stage, workers add a pectinase enzyme and a press aid. Press aids can include sterilized rice hulls, bleached Kraft paper, or ground wood pulp. The mixture is then pressed using equipment such as screw, hydraulic, belt, or pneumatic presses. This high-temperature pressing maximizes the yield of both color and juice.

Shalom Kosher interior 07
Shalom Kosher interior 07

After pressing, the liquid is refined through advanced filtration techniques. The juice and "free run" juice are held in slurry tanks. A press aid is added to help the juice undergo rotary vacuum belt filtration. This step removes insoluble solids until the juice contains 1% or less of these materials. To prevent sedimentation in the bottle, additional pectinase is added. The juice then passes through diatomaceous earth, which is suspended in the liquid. This final filtration ensures the juice remains clear during long-term storage.

Preservation is critical to ensure the juice does not spoil or ferment. One common method is hot filling, where juice is heated to between 77 and 82 °C. The liquid is poured into preheated glass or heat-resistant plastic containers. Another method is pasteurization, which involves heating the juice to 85 °C for three minutes. For even higher quality, aseptic processing can be used. This involves sterilizing the juice through thermal sterilization at 93 to 100 °C for 15 to 45 seconds. Aseptic methods help prevent nutrient loss and extend shelf life without refrigeration.

The history of modern grape juice is closely tied to the temperance movement. In 1869, an American dentist named Thomas Bramwell Welch developed a method to halt fermentation. He created a non-alcoholic wine for church services in Vineland, New Jersey. His son, Charles E. Welch, later founded the Welch's Grape Juice Company in 1893.

St. Nicholas (serial) (1873) (14589905329)
St. Nicholas (serial) (1873) (14589905329)

The brand grew significantly through military contracts and political influence. During World War I, the company supplied a grape jam called "grapelade" to the military. By 2025, the Welch's cooperative included 600 farms across the United States.

Grape juice also holds deep significance in various religious traditions. In Catholicism, a substance called mustum may be used during the Eucharist. Mustum is grape juice that is preserved to stop fermentation without changing its nature. Some Protestant denominations, such as Baptists and Methodists, also use grape juice for their services. In Judaism, grape juice is used for blessings and rituals on the Sabbath. The Talmud permits the use of unfermented fresh grape juice for sacramental purposes. Because of this, major manufacturers like Welch's have obtained kosher certification to support these traditions.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Glass of grape juice.jpeg
Glass of grape juice.jpeg
File:St. Nicholas (serial) (1873) (14589905329).jpg
St. Nicholas (serial) (1873) (14589905329).jpg
File:Concord Grapes on vines.jpg
Concord Grapes on vines.jpg
File:Shalom Kosher interior 07.jpg
Shalom Kosher interior 07.jpg
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