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Golden Rule

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The Golden Rule is a fundamental ethical principle regarding human conduct. It is often described as an ethics of reciprocity. This means that individuals should reciprocate to others the same treatment they desire for themselves. This principle is not a single, uniform command. Instead, it appears in various expressions across many different cultures and belief systems. It serves as a guide for how people should interact within a society.

The Golden Rule in multiple religions
The Golden Rule in multiple religions

There are three primary ways this rule is expressed. The first is the positive or directive form. This version instructs people to actively do good things for others. For example, one might treat others as they would like to be treated. The second is the negative or prohibitive form. This version tells people what not to do. It suggests avoiding actions that one would find unpleasant if done to oneself. The third is the empathetic or responsive form. This focuses on the connection between one's own wishes and the actions taken toward others.

Ancient history reveals that these ideas have existed for millennia. In ancient Egypt, the story of "The Eloquent Peasant" from the Middle Kingdom reflects this principle. It included a proverb: "Do to the doer to make him do." A Late Period papyrus also contained a negative version of the rule. In ancient China, the philosopher Confucius proposed a version that focused on avoiding harm. He did not necessarily command people to perform good deeds, but he urged them to avoid causing injury. The Mohist thinker Mozi also viewed this as a way to promote selflessness and equality.

Different regions developed unique philosophical takes on reciprocity. In ancient Greece, Thales advised avoiding actions that one would blame others for performing. Sextus the Pythagorean stated that one should not do what they do not want to happen to themselves. Plato argued that a sensible person should treat the property of others with the same respect they show their own. In ancient Persia, Zoroastrian texts taught that nature is only good if it refrains from doing what is not good for oneself. In Rome, the Stoic Seneca the Younger suggested a hierarchical version. He argued that one should treat an inferior as they would want a superior to treat them.

Religious traditions have also deeply integrated these concepts. In Judaism, the Torah contains the command to love one's neighbor as oneself. The teacher Hillel the Elder identified this as a central principle of the faith. Rabbi Akiva also viewed this as a great principle of the Torah. In Christianity, Jesus of Nazareth taught the Golden Rule during the Sermon on the Mount.

Bloch-SermonOnTheMount
Bloch-SermonOnTheMount

He used the positive phrasing: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." In ancient India, the Mahābhārata epic and the Tamil tradition of the Tirukkuṛaḷ also expressed similar values of virtue and kindness.

Golden rule sign - DPLA - 49f451158847e00398bdb30ef4bf667f
Golden rule sign - DPLA - 49f451158847e00398bdb30ef4bf667f

The term "Golden Rule" or "Golden Law" became widely used in Britain during the early 17th century. Anglican theologians and preachers like Thomas Jackson and Charles Gibbon used the term in their writings. This period saw many scholars formalizing the language used to describe these ethical laws. The rule has since become a symbol of shared human values. It appears in the tenets of most religions and creeds throughout history.

Today, the Golden Rule serves as a bridge between different belief systems. In the year 2000, a researcher named Paul McKenna designed a poster for Scarboro Missions. This poster showed the Golden Rule as expressed in 13 different faith traditions. Creating this project required five years of research and many consultations with experts.

The Golden Rule in multiple religions
The Golden Rule in multiple religions

Since January 4, 2002, this poster has been on permanent display at the United Nations Headquarters. It demonstrates how a single ethical concept can connect diverse groups of people across the globe.

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