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Giant otter shrew

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The giant otter shrew (*Potamogale velox*) is a unique semiaquatic mammal. It belongs to a group of animals known as afrotherians. Despite its name, it is not a true otter or a true shrew. It is actually the only species in its genus, *Potamogale*. This animal is a carnivore, meaning it survives by eating other animals. It plays an important role in the freshwater ecosystems of central Africa.

Giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox), Natural History Museum, London, Mammals Gallery
Giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox), Natural History Museum, London, Mammals Gallery

This mammal has a very specialized body for life in the water. It uses a long, flat tail to swim through rivers and streams. It moves this tail sideways in a motion called undulation. This is the same way a fish or a crocodile moves to swim. Its legs are short and do not have webbing between the toes. Instead, the hind feet have a flap of skin along the inside. This flap allows the feet to be held tightly against the body while swimming. The hind feet also have two syndactylous toes, which means the second and third toes are fused together. The shrew uses these special toes for grooming its fur.

Brehms Tierleben. Allgemeine kunde des Tierreichs (1911) (20225941420)
Brehms Tierleben. Allgemeine kunde des Tierreichs (1911) (20225941420)

The giant otter shrew has several distinct physical features. Its fur consists of a dense undercoat and coarse guard hairs. It shows counter-shading, which means it is dark brown on its back and whitish or yellowish on its underside. The muzzle is covered in bristles, and the nostrils are flat and shielded. It has small eyes and small external ears. The tail is covered in a short, silky coat of fur. These features help the animal navigate its dark, watery environment.

Giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox), Natural History Museum, London, Mammals Gallery
Giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox), Natural History Museum, London, Mammals Gallery

These animals are native to the rainforests of central Africa. Their range stretches from southern Nigeria eastward through several countries. These include Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Central African Republic, and Chad. They also live in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Their range extends to South Sudan and the northern parts of Angola and Zambia. There are also small, isolated populations in Kenya and Uganda. They prefer habitats like fast-flowing rivers, swamps, and coastal rivers. They can live at altitudes ranging from 0 to 1,800 meters.

Brehms Tierleben. Allgemeine kunde des Tierreichs (1911) (20225941420)
Brehms Tierleben. Allgemeine kunde des Tierreichs (1911) (20225941420)

History shows us that this species was described in 1868. It was named by a person named Paul Du Chaillu. Scientists have learned much about its solitary lifestyle through research. A single giant otter shrew will occupy a specific section of a stream. This territory is usually between 500 and 1,000 meters long. They are nocturnal, so they are most active during the night. They build burrows in riverbank crevices to stay safe. These burrows have entrances located below the water level. Inside, they use dry leaves to line their nests for breeding.

The hunting habits of the giant otter shrew are very specific. They hunt primarily by using their sense of smell and touch. They use sensitive whiskers, called vibrissae, to find prey in dark water. They do not rely on their eyesight to hunt. They target animals like fish, frogs, crabs, insects, and mollusks. When hunting crabs, they may flip them over to reach the weaker ventral surface. They generally avoid crabs that are larger than 7 centimeters across. Some individuals may eat as many as 15 to 20 crabs in a single night.

Brehms Tierleben. Allgemeine kunde des Tierreichs (1911) (20225941420)
Brehms Tierleben. Allgemeine kunde des Tierreichs (1911) (20225941420)

While the species is currently listed as a "least concern" by the IUCN, it is facing threats. Deforestation is causing soil erosion, which is a major problem. When streams become too muddy from erosion, the shrews do not use them. They can also be caught in fishing nets or traps. They also do not survive well in captivity. In captive settings, they have been known to die within 1 to 14 days. This makes studying them in the wild very important for their future conservation.

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File:Giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox), Natural History Museum, London, Mammals Gallery.JPG
Giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox),...
File:Brehms Tierleben. Allgemeine kunde des Tierreichs (1911) (20225941420).jpg
Brehms Tierleben. Allgemeine kunde des...
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