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Gerenuk

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The gerenuk, known scientifically as Litocranius walleri, is a medium-sized antelope found in East Africa. It is often called the "giraffe gazelle" because of its long, slender neck and limbs. This animal is the only member of its genus, Litocranius. The gerenuk is a highly specialized browser, meaning it feeds on leaves, shoots, herbs, flowers, and fruits. It plays a unique role in its ecosystem by accessing food that other antelopes cannot reach.

Gerenuks in Samburu
Gerenuks in Samburu

To reach high branches, the gerenuk uses a unique physical mechanism. It can stand upright on its hindlegs and elongate its neck. This allows the animal to reach twigs and foliage well above the ground. Its mouth is pointed, which helps it extract leaves from thorny vegetation like Acacia species. During droughts, the gerenuk relies on evergreen vegetation for food. Interestingly, the gerenuk does not need to drink water on a regular basis.

Gerenuks in Samburu
Gerenuks in Samburu

The gerenuk shows clear sexual dimorphism, which means males and females look different. Males are nearly 3 feet tall, while females are shorter. A male can weigh up to 70 pounds, but females are lighter at about 50 pounds. The coat has two distinct colors. The dorsal part, or the "saddle," is reddish brown. The flanks are a lighter fawn or buff color. The underbelly and the inside of the legs are cream.

Gerenuk (3847435602)
Gerenuk (3847435602)

Only the males possess horns, which are shaped like a lyre. These lyre-shaped horns curve backward and then slightly forward in an S-shape. They can measure up to 13 inches in length. The gerenuk's head is flat and wedge-like, with large, round eyes. Its tail is short and ends in a black tuft. The eyes and mouth are surrounded by white fur.

Gerenuk (3847435602)
Gerenuk (3847435602)

Naturalists first described the gerenuk in 1879. Victor Brooke identified the species using three male specimens. These were originally thought to be from the African mainland north of Zanzibar. However, John Kirk later corrected this, stating they were from the coast near the River Juba in southern Somalia. Brooke named the species Gazella walleri to honor Gerald Waller's deceased brother. In 1886, Franz Friedrich Kohl proposed the new genus name, Litocranius.

Gerenuk (3847435602)
Gerenuk (3847435602)

Researchers recognize two subspecies of the gerenuk. The northern gerenuk, or Sclater's gazelle, lives in northwestern Somalia, Ethiopia, and Djibouti. The southern gerenuk, or Waller's gazelle, lives in northeastern Tanzania, Kenya, and Somalia. The southern subspecies is generally smaller than the northern one. Some authors consider these two groups to be independent species rather than subspecies.

Gerenuks in Samburu
Gerenuks in Samburu

Studies of genetics have helped scientists understand how the gerenuk is related to other animals. In 2013, researchers from the University of Cambridge used nuclear and mitochondrial gene analysis to revise its phylogeny. Their results showed that the springbok forms a clade, or a closely related group, with the gerenuk. This group is sister to the saiga and several other genera like Gazella and Nanger. While the gerenuk looks similar to the dibatag, it has a heavier neck and a shorter tail.

Antidorcas marsupialis, male (Etosha, 2012)
Antidorcas marsupialis, male (Etosha, 2012)

In the wild, gerenuks live at least eight years, but they can live thirteen years or more in captivity. They live in small herds of two to six members. Most herds consist of a single sex, though female herds may include juveniles. Some males live a solitary life. They are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. They may stand in the rain to help cool their bodies. Many predators, such as lions, cheetahs, and hyenas, hunt them.

Gerenuks in Samburu
Gerenuks in Samburu
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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Antilope_cervicapra_from_velavadar.JPG
Antilope_cervicapra_from_velavadar.JPG
File:Antidorcas_marsupialis,_male_(Etosha,_2012).jpg
Antidorcas_marsupialis,_male_(Etosha,_2012).jpg
File:Saiga_antelope_at_the_Stepnoi_Sanctuary_(cropped).jpg
Saiga_antelope_at_the_Stepnoi_Sanctuary_(c...
File:Sudan_Oribi_(Ourebia_montana)_male_(18172324646).jpg
Sudan_Oribi_(Ourebia_montana)_male_(181723...
File:Gerenuk (3847435602).jpg
Gerenuk (3847435602).jpg
File:Gerenuks in Samburu.jpg
Gerenuks in Samburu.jpg
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