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Geoffrey Wilkinson

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Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson was a highly influential English chemist.

Geoffrey Wilkinson ca. 1976
Geoffrey Wilkinson ca. 1976

He is best known for pioneering inorganic chemistry. This field of science focuses on how metals behave. He also made major breakthroughs in homogeneous transition metal catalysis. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction. Wilkinson's work helped scientists understand how metals interact with organic molecules. This research changed how we study organometallic compounds.

Wilkinson is famous for discovering the structure of ferrocene.

Ferrocene 3d model 1
Ferrocene 3d model 1

He also developed a specific tool known as Wilkinson's catalyst. The chemical formula for this catalyst is RhCl(PPh3)3. This substance is used in a process called catalytic hydrogenation. In this process, alkenes are turned into alkanes.

Wilkinson's-catalyst-no-hydrogens-3D-balls
Wilkinson's-catalyst-no-hydrogens-3D-balls

This method is used on a large scale in many industries. It allows for the efficient chemical changes needed for manufacturing.

His scientific journey began in Springside, Todmorden, in Yorkshire. He was born on July 14, 1921. His father, Henry Wilkinson, worked as a master house painter. His mother, Ruth, worked in a local cotton mill. An uncle was connected to a small chemical company. This company produced Epsom and Glauber's salts for medicines. This early connection helped spark his interest in chemistry. He later attended Todmorden Grammar School after winning a scholarship in 1932.

Wilkinson's education led him to Imperial College London. He graduated in 1941 and earned his PhD in 1946. His doctoral research focused on hydrolysis in the homogeneous vapour phase. During the war years, he worked on nuclear energy projects. Professor Friedrich Paneth recruited him for this work in 1942. Wilkinson was sent to Canada to work at Chalk River Laboratories. He also spent time in Montreal during this period.

After his work in Canada, Wilkinson moved to the United States. He worked with Professor Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley. There, he focused mostly on nuclear taxonomy. He later became a research associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He began returning to his original interest in transition metal complexes. These complexes involve ligands like carbon monoxide and olefins. He also spent time at Harvard University from 1951 to 1955. During his time at Harvard, he studied excitation functions for protons in cobalt.

In June 1955, Wilkinson returned to England for a major role. He was appointed to the chair of Inorganic Chemistry at Imperial College London. From this point on, he worked almost entirely on transition metal complexes. His research earned him many prestigious honors. In 1965, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS). In 1973, he received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He shared this prize with Ernst Otto Fischer. They were honored for their work on organometallic compounds.

Wilkinson left a lasting legacy through his writing and teaching. He co-authored a famous textbook titled "Advanced Inorganic Chemistry." He wrote this book with his former student, F. Albert Cotton. Many students simply call it "Cotton and Wilkinson." This book remains a standard text for learning inorganic chemistry. He also supervised many talented researchers and PhD students. These included scientists like Malcolm Green and Alan Davison. His impact on the academic community was very deep.

Even today, his name is remembered in many places. The University of Bath gave him an honorary doctorate of science in 1980. Imperial College London also honors him through its buildings. A hall of residence called Wilkinson Hall opened in October 2009. In his personal life, he was married to Lise Schou. She was a Danish plant physiologist whom he met at Berkeley. They had two daughters, Anne and Pernille. His life combined deep scientific discovery with a lasting impact on education.

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File:Ferrocene 3d model 1.png
Ferrocene 3d model 1.png
File:Wilkinson's-catalyst-no-hydrogens-3D-balls.png
Wilkinson's-catalyst-no-hydrogens-3D-balls.png
File:Geoffrey Wilkinson ca. 1976.png
Geoffrey Wilkinson ca. 1976.png
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