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Game Boy Advance

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The Game Boy Advance (GBA) is a 32-bit handheld game console manufactured by Nintendo.

Game Boy Advance motherboard front
Game Boy Advance motherboard front

Released in Japan on March 21, 2001, it reached international markets that June. The GBA belongs to the sixth generation of video game consoles. It competed against handhelds like Nokia's N-Gage and Bandai's WonderSwan. This system was a major success for Nintendo. By June 2010, the GBA series had sold 81.51 million units worldwide. This massive sales figure allowed it to vastly outsell its competitors.

The internal hardware relies on a custom system on a chip, or SoC.

Gameboy advance sp cartridge
Gameboy advance sp cartridge

This SoC, named the CPU AGB, was manufactured by the Sharp Corporation. It integrates the central processing unit (CPU) and other vital components into one package. To ensure versatility, the SoC contains two distinct processors. The first is the ARM7TDMI, which runs at 16.776 megahertz (MHz). This processor handles the primary GBA games. The second is the Sharp SM83, which manages backward compatibility. This allows the device to play older Game Boy and Game Boy Color games. The SM83 operates at either 4.194 MHz or 8.389 MHz depending on the specific game requirements.

The GBA's visual capabilities are driven by a Picture Processing Unit (PPU).

This is a specialized graphics processor that renders visuals using 96 KB of Video RAM. The screen is a 2.9-inch thin-film transistor (TFT) color liquid-crystal display (LCD). It features a resolution of 240 pixels wide by 160 pixels high. The system can display up to 32,768 colors. In character mode, it can show up to 511 colors simultaneously. The GBA uses several rendering modes for graphics. The first three are character modes that use traditional tile map graphics. These modes include different layers of static or rotating elements. The other three are bitmap modes used for rendering 3D geometry. While these bitmap modes are cutting-edge, they require significant CPU resources.

Nintendo's journey to this device involved years of experimentation. In the early 1990s, a team led by Satoru Okada worked on a prototype called "Project Atlantis." This project featured a color display and a 32-bit ARM processor. However, the team shelved the project in 1997 because they were not satisfied with the results. Later, Nintendo decided to combine the color screen technology from Project Atlantis with a faster 8-bit processor to create the Game Boy Color. Eventually, the company began developing the Advanced Game Boy, or AGB. This project aimed to utilize the full 32-bit processing power originally envisioned for Project Atlantis. Details of the system were first revealed at the Space World 1999 trade show.

The physical design of the GBA marked a significant departure from previous models.

Most earlier Game Boy models used a portrait layout. The GBA adopted a landscape form factor instead. This design placed the buttons at the sides of the device rather than below the screen. This layout was the work of French designer Gwénaël Nicolas and his studio, Curiosity Inc. Over time, Nintendo released several hardware revisions to meet different needs. The Game Boy Advance SP arrived in 2003 with a clamshell design and a frontlit screen. A newer SP version with a backlit screen followed in 2005. Finally, the Game Boy Micro provided a miniaturized redesign in September 2005.

Connectivity and specialized hardware expanded the GBA's utility.

Game-Boy-Advance-Wireless-Adapter
Game-Boy-Advance-Wireless-Adapter

The console includes a link port on the top. This allows users to connect to other devices using a Game Link Cable or a Wireless Adapter. It can even connect to the Nintendo GameCube home console via a specific link cable. Some game cartridges, known as Game Paks, contain unique hardware features. For example, some cartridges include rumble features for vibration. Others include tilt sensors or solar sensors to change how the game plays. This variety allowed developers to push the limits of 2D and even some 3D gaming.

The GBA era eventually transitioned to a new generation of hardware. Nintendo launched the Nintendo DS in November 2004. The DS was also backward compatible with GBA games. While the GBA remained Nintendo's dominant handheld for years, the DS eventually took the lead. In October 2008, Nintendo announced that the DS had officially surpassed the GBA in worldwide sales. This milestone marked a definitive leadership transition between console generations. Sales for the GBA series finally ended by 2010 after more than nine years of production.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Game Boy Advance motherboard front.jpg
Game Boy Advance motherboard front.jpg
File:Nintendo-Game-Boy-Advance-Cartridge.jpg
Nintendo-Game-Boy-Advance-Cartridge.jpg
File:Gameboy advance sp cartridge.jpg
Gameboy advance sp cartridge.jpg
File:GameCube-Game-Boy-Player.jpg
GameCube-Game-Boy-Player.jpg
File:Game-Boy-Advance-Wireless-Adapter.jpg
Game-Boy-Advance-Wireless-Adapter.jpg
File:Game-Boy-Advance-SP-Mk1-Blue.jpg
Game-Boy-Advance-SP-Mk1-Blue.jpg
File:Game-Boy-Micro.jpg
Game-Boy-Micro.jpg
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