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Galician language

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Galician, which many people call Galego, is a beautiful way of speaking.

Galician linguistic areas
Galician linguistic areas

It is a member of the Western Ibero-Romance language family. About 2.4 million people use this language today. Most speakers live in Galicia, an autonomous community in northwestern Spain. In this region, Galician is an official language alongside Spanish. You can also find people speaking it in parts of Asturias and Castile and León. It has even traveled far away to places like Argentina, Uruguay, and Puerto Rico.

Galizaestremeira
Galizaestremeira

This language grew from a very old way of speaking called Vulgar Latin. Long ago, it was part of a larger group known as Galician-Portuguese. This ancestor language developed in the old Kingdom of Galicia and Northern Portugal. Over time, the two paths began to split apart. Portuguese became the official language for the Kingdom of Portugal. Meanwhile, Galician was used by lawyers, noblemen, and church leaders in Galicia. Because Galicia was part of the crown of Castile, it was also influenced by Spanish culture.

Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en
Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en

History shows us how important this language was for art. In the year 1290, a writer named Jofre de Foixà mentioned Galician as a language of culture. During the 13th century, people wrote lovely songs called lyric poetry in Galician-Portuguese.

Martim Codax Cantigas de Amigo
Martim Codax Cantigas de Amigo

One of the earliest documents written entirely in Galician dates back to 1230. For a long time, the language was mostly spoken by people in their daily lives. It was not used much for official laws or big books during the 16th century. It took many years for the language to return to schools and lawmaking.

13th-century unknown painters - Cantigas de Alfonso el Sabio - WGA16031
13th-century unknown painters - Cantigas de Alfonso el Sabio - WGA16031

There are many interesting facts about how Galician works today. The Royal Galician Academy helps set the rules for the language. Most of the words in Galician come from Latin. However, you can also find words from Celtic and Germanic origins. Some words even came from Andalusian Arabic through the influence of Spanish. Even though they are different, Galician and Portuguese are very close kin. Some experts say they are about 85% easy to understand between each other.

Percentage of Galician speakers (2001 vs 2011)
Percentage of Galician speakers (2001 vs 2011)

People sometimes have big debates about how to classify Galician. Some groups, called Reintegrationists, believe Galician and Portuguese are just two versions of one language. They think this helps the language stay strong against the influence of Spanish. Other people and official groups believe they are two separate, independent languages. This is because they have had different writing traditions since the 14th century. Whether seen as a dialect or a separate language, Galician remains a vital part of life. It connects people to their history and to each other.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en.gif
Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en.gif
Estatuto de Galicia de 1936, pdf texto gl.pdf
File:Martim Codax Cantigas de Amigo.jpg
Martim Codax Cantigas de Amigo.jpg
File:ForoBoBurgo.jpg
ForoBoBurgo.jpg
File:Texto - Noia - Galiza.jpg
Texto - Noia - Galiza.jpg
File:13th-century unknown painters - Cantigas de Alfonso el Sabio - WGA16031.jpg
13th-century unknown painters - Cantigas...
File:Galician Johan Tuorum.jpg
Galician Johan Tuorum.jpg
File:Martín Sarmiento.jpeg
Martín Sarmiento.jpeg
File:Eduardopondal.jpg
Eduardopondal.jpg
File:Percentage of Galician speakers (2001 vs 2011).png
Percentage of Galician speakers (2001 vs 2011).png
File:Galician linguistic areas.PNG
Galician linguistic areas.PNG
File:Galizaestremeira.png
Galizaestremeira.png
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