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Fuel

physical science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Fuel is any material that can release energy. This energy can be heat or light. It can also be used to do work. Some fuels release energy through a reaction called combustion. This is a way of burning. This heat can turn into mechanical energy using a heat engine. Living things also use fuel. Cells use organic molecules to release usable energy through cellular respiration.

Fire, Fireplace, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Fire, Fireplace, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

Fuels come in different forms. Some are solid, like wood, coal, or peat. These are often burned to provide heat. Other fuels are liquids, such as gasoline, diesel, or kerosene. Most liquid fuels come from the remains of ancient plants and animals. Some fuels are gases, like natural gas or propane. These gases can travel easily through pipes to where they are needed.

Propane tank 20lb
Propane tank 20lb

Humans have used fuel for a very long time. Nearly two million years ago, Homo erectus used firewood for fire. For most of history, people used plants or animal fat. Around 6,000 BCE, people used charcoal to melt metals. In the 18th century, European forests became thin. People began using coke, which comes from coal, instead of charcoal.

Heinrich Zille Herbst
Heinrich Zille Herbst

History shows many clever ways to use fuel. Persian chemists once distilled crude oil into kerosene. A man named Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi wrote about this in his book, Kitab al-Asrar. In the 1700s, the steam engine changed how we use coal. Coal helped run ships and locomotives. By 2005, coal provided 40% of the world's electricity.

CNJ 113+coal-pile+belt-Minersville
CNJ 113+coal-pile+belt-Minersville

Many fuels we use today are fossil fuels. These formed from dead plants and animals under heat and pressure. This process took millions of years. Because they take so long to form, they are non-renewable. This means we can run out of them. Burning them releases carbon dioxide into the air. Today, many people are looking for renewable fuels like biofuels.

Extraction of oil
Extraction of oil
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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Heinrich Zille Herbst.jpg
Heinrich Zille Herbst.jpg
File:Fire, Fireplace, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg
Fire, Fireplace, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg
File:CNJ 113+coal-pile+belt-Minersville.jpg
CNJ 113+coal-pile+belt-Minersville.jpg
File:Sandakan Sabah Shell-Station-Labuk Road-01.jpg
Sandakan Sabah Shell-Station-Labuk Road-01.jpg
File:Propane tank 20lb.jpg
Propane tank 20lb.jpg
File:Extraction of oil.jpg
Extraction of oil.jpg
File:CANDU fuel bundles.jpg
CANDU fuel bundles.jpg
File:Nuclear fuel pellets.jpeg
Nuclear fuel pellets.jpeg
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