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Free State (province)

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The Free State is a large province in South Africa.

Map of the Free State with districts labelled (2011)
Map of the Free State with districts labelled (2011)

It sits in the middle of the country. It shares borders with many other South African provinces. It also borders many districts in the country of Lesotho to the southeast. The capital city is Bloemfontein. This city is also the judicial capital for all of South Africa.

South Africa Free State Parliament 2024
South Africa Free State Parliament 2024

This means important legal work happens there.

Most of the land in the Free State is very high. Almost all of it sits 1,000 metres above sea level. The ground is mostly made of flat, grassy plains. You might see occasional hills or small rocks called kopjes. In the east, the land rises even higher. It reaches over 2,000 metres near the Drakensberg and Maloti Mountains.

On the road in South Africa 18
On the road in South Africa 18

The ground is made of many types of rock. These include sandstone, mudstone, and shale.

Brandwag rock
Brandwag rock

The weather follows a continental pattern. This means summers are warm or hot. Winters are cool or cold. In the east, people often see snow on the high mountains. The west can be extremely hot during the summer months. Most rain falls during the summer in brief afternoon thunderstorms. The west is much drier than the east.

Cornelia, suidaansig, a
Cornelia, suidaansig, a

In Bloemfontein, the winters are dry and have severe frost.

Many different animals live in this province. In the south, you can find herds of black wildebeest and springbok. The northern plains and ridges are home to kudu and buffalo. You can also find white rhinoceros and zebra.

South Africa-Free State-Cattle01
South Africa-Free State-Cattle01

Some special places like the Soetdoring Nature Reserve protect these animals. Cheetahs were even brought back to the Laohu Valley Reserve. After being gone for a hundred years, wild cheetah cubs were born there in 2017.

Farming and mining are very important to the people here. The Free State is called the granary of South Africa. This is because the soil is rich and great for crops. Farmers grow a lot of maize, potatoes, and wheat. The Ficksburg district produces 90% of the country's cherries.

Mafahlaneng-woonbuurt, Tweeling, Vrystaat
Mafahlaneng-woonbuurt, Tweeling, Vrystaat

People also find riches in the ground. Gold and diamonds are found mostly in the north and west. Mining is the largest way for people to find work.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Cornelia, suidaansig, a.jpg
Cornelia, suidaansig, a.jpg
File:Mafahlaneng-woonbuurt, Tweeling, Vrystaat.jpg
Mafahlaneng-woonbuurt, Tweeling, Vrystaat.jpg
File:Free State population density map.svg
Free State population density map.svg
File:Free State dominant language map.svg
Free State dominant language map.svg
File:Map of the Free State with districts labelled (2011).svg
Map of the Free State with districts...
File:South Africa Free State Parliament 2024.svg
South Africa Free State Parliament 2024.svg
File:South Africa-Free State-Cattle01.jpg
South Africa-Free State-Cattle01.jpg
File:On the road in South Africa 18.jpg
On the road in South Africa 18.jpg
File:Brandwag rock.JPG
Brandwag rock.JPG
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